◠Kinds of pests: Cruciferous vegetable pests: Plutella xylostella, Cabbage caterpillar, Yellow-trickle-jelly, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera littoralis, aphid, vegetable borer, soft rot, black rot, Sclerotinia, downy mildew, anthrax Disease, white rust, etc. Leguminosae vegetable pests: mainly soybean meal, soybean meal, Spodoptera litura, bean phthalocyanine, Liriomyza, Bemisia tabaci, cinnabarine, powdery mildew, anthracnose, blight, rust, ringworm, virus Diseases, etc. Cucurbitaceae vegetable pests: mainly yellow squash, turnips, melons, aphids, thrips, leafminers, whiteflies, gray molds, diseases, downy mildew, powdery mildew, anthrax, black spot, Leaf spot, blight, wilt, bacterial leaf spot, virus disease, etc. Solanaceae vegetable pests: mainly thrips, cotton bollworm, ladybugs of the twenty-eighth star, tea-resistance, bacterial wilt, early blight, late blight, brown leaf disease, anthrax, powdery mildew, gray mold, root Nematode diseases, etc. Onion and garlic vegetable pests: mainly thrips, leaf miners, Spodoptera litura, beet armyworm, gray mold, epidemic, downy mildew, etc. Major morphological characteristics ◠Comprehensive prevention and control measures: Adhere to the “prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control†plant protection policy, based on agricultural prevention and control, and coordinate the use of technologies such as biological control, physical and biochemical decoy killing and scientific drug use, and gradually realize the sustainable control of pests and diseases. ○Agricultural control Selection of resistant (resistant) pest varieties and seed disinfection Seed treatment with soaking in warm water or seed dressing with seed dressing and seed coating agent Cultivate disease-free strong seedlings to prevent seedling diseases and insect pests The field should be far away from the place of production to prevent the introduction of pests in the production area. The seedbed (or nursery house) completely removes the remaining leaves and weeds of the litter, uses the cultivated alfalfa seedlings, uses the disease-free soil for the nutrient soil, and applies the decomposed organic fertilizer. Strengthen nursery management, promptly deal with pests and diseases, eliminate weak seedlings, and use disease-free seedling transplantation Clean pastoral Remove stubble, deciduous, and weeds from the field, remove pests, leaves, fruits or diseased plants in time After harvesting, timely remove stubborn leaves from the field and timely tillage and drying soil Rational rotation, intercropping, interplanting According to different types and varieties of vegetables, crop rotation and intercropping Such as rotation with onion and garlic, can reduce the fungal, bacterial and nematode diseases of vegetables and vegetables Rotation of dry and dry cropland to alleviate diseases such as tomato canker, bacterial wilt, melon wilt and various nematode diseases Properly dense planting, pay attention to drainage, ventilation and light transmission Scientific fertilization Decomposition of organic fertilizers should be applied, suitable for chemical fertilizers, and application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and microelement fertilizers Major morphological characteristics ○Biological control Protection and utilization of natural predators such as ladybugs, grasshoppers, spiders, predators, etc. Biopesticides Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) preparations, avermectin (Involucrin), spinosad (cacoxanthin) to control diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillar, and spotted fly, nuclear polyhedrosis virus, granulosis virus control cabbage worm, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, etc., agricultural streptomycin, neomycin to control bacterial diseases such as soft rot and angular spot disease Plant pesticides Fish and rattan, natural pyrethrum, croton, flavescens, bitter buckwheat, Chuanxiong, nicotine and other pests such as cabbage caterpillar, aphids and whiteflies ○Physical and biochemical trapping measures Light trapping Moth killing of adult pests such as leafworm, melon, bean, onion, garlic, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera exigua, and Plutella xylostella using moth killing lamps Use 220V alternating current and hang one for every 15-20 acres of vegetable fields Hanging lamp height from the ground 1-1.5 meters, turn on the lights every night at 7-9 Repellent and trapping of swatches and color films Hanging a silver-gray film in the field to repel aphids, hanging a yellow trap board to stick locusts, whitefly, spotted fly, etc. Hanging a blue insect trap to control the palm pupa Use from the seedling stage of crops can reduce the number of insect pests Sex attractant Application of S. litura, Spodoptera exigua, Plutella xylostella for attracting adult insects, reducing pest mating opportunities, reducing their egg production, and reducing stress Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera Sex lure lure hung a per 2 acres, hanging height from the vegetable field 1-1.5 meters, the effective period of 30-45 days; Plutella xylostella attractant core put 5-6 per mu amulet Pots and bowls are separated by 6-8 meters, valid for 30-45 days Sweet and sour wine trap: Sugar, vinegar, wine, and water are blended in 3:4:1:2 sweet and sour vinegar, and 90% of trichlorfon is added by 5%. The pot is placed on a stand 1 meter above the ground. , put 3 per acre, cover it during the day, uncover it at night, trap and kill adult insect pests such as Spodoptera litura, Brassica nathina, Spodoptera exigua, Liriomyza cub, and Small earthworm Integrated control of pests and diseases ○Chemical control Strengthen the monitoring of pests and diseases, combine the characteristics of diseases and pests, select effective drugs and optimal timing for prevention and treatment, apply medications to the disease, and use drugs at the right time. It is forbidden to use highly toxic, highly toxic, and high-residue pesticides on vegetables, and to promote efficient, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides Plutella Xylostella, Pieris rapae, Spodoptera litura, and Spodoptera exigua: In the young larvae stage, BT, avermectins, or insect growth regulators, or oryzatocin, insecticides, etc. were selected and the resistance was severe. The vegetable area should be rotated for the use of different insecticide mechanisms for prevention and control Yellow stripe jumps: Use chlorpyrifos (Losberg), dichlorvos, fast killing spirit, phoxim and other sprays to control adults, irrigate and control larvae, and at the same time pay attention to the prevention and control of vegetable fields Soybean Meal: In the flowering period or in the young period, the use of chlorpyrifos (Lensburn), deltamethrin, etc. Guardian horses: When the newly hatched larvae are infested, they are controlled by imidacloprid, acetamiprid, quizion, deltamethrin, etc. Locust: Use imidacloprid, avoid fog and other control Soft rot disease: prevention and control of Chlorobromo cyanuric acid (sterilized), chloramphenicol, dexamethasone, plant protection and agricultural streptomycin Blight, Downy Mildew: Use of Kelu, Dimethomorph, Galacturonase, Metalaxyl, Metalaxyl Manganese Zinc The use of thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, carbendazim, etc. for control of leaf spot, anthracnose and rhizoctonia rot Brown smut: At the early stage of disease, use Chlorothalonil, anti-virus scorpion, metalaxyl manganese zinc and other agents to prevent and cure Viral disease: By planting disease-resistant or disease-resistant varieties, controlling aphids, whitefly and other pests to prevent the spread of virus diseases
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