Laboratory furniture is a kind of special kind of furniture. Laboratory furniture should not only have excellent use functions, but also have a clean and clear appearance and color to improve the indoor environment and reflect the characteristics of the times. The design, flexibility and serialization of laboratory furniture is one of the components of a laboratory building and one of the basic conditions of a laboratory.
Laboratory furniture is different from household furniture. Its use is often in contact with water, electricity, gas, chemical substances and materials, as well as equipment. Therefore, higher requirements are placed on the structure and material of the furniture. Design and selection of room furniture.
Test bench
According to the structure
Stationary test bench: There are many forms of fixed test benches, which are still widely used in China. Common countertops and brick supports with reinforced concrete structures, wooden utensils under the counter, white tiles, terrazzo, marble or natural granite on the countertop.
Combined experimental platform: It is divided into several independent parts according to its own structural form, which are separately produced and then combined to flexibly arrange the laboratory, which is convenient for transportation and convenient for serial production.
Classified by material
Wood structure: This is a commonly used form at home and abroad . It is lighter in weight and flexible, and can be made into various unit combinations. The disadvantage is that the wood consumption is large.
Steel structure: This structure consists of steel brackets, utensil cabinets, countertops and reagent racks. The steel bracket is made of thin-walled steel, the foot of the foot bracket has fine-tuning screws, and the pipe space is left between the steel brackets. The vessel cabinet is a wooden component that can be flexibly hung on a steel bracket. Although this material has anti-corrosion coating on the outside, it is inevitably rusted and is generally used in instrument analysis rooms.
Reinforced concrete structure: This bench consists of a countertop and support (or brick support) with reinforced concrete structures and a cabinet under the counter. The disadvantage is that it is of high quality and lacks flexibility.
Hybrid structure: steel frame, reinforced concrete countertop or new countertop material and lower movable wooden utensil cabinet, which may also be made into a unit combination, the quality is lighter, and the flexibility is also better than the previous one.
Classified by experiment
There are a variety of chemical test benches, instrument test benches, sky platforms, washing stations, etc.
The experimental bench is located in the middle of the laboratory according to the layout of the laboratory, which is called the island experimental bench; the one end of the experimental bench against the wall is called the peninsula test bench; if one of the long sides of the experimental bench is called the side experimental bench. The reagent racks, washing tables, and cabinets that are compatible with them are also different. Some also divide the experimental bench into a single-sided experimental bench and a double-sided experimental bench. The latter refers to the island experimental bench and the peninsula experimental bench.
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Common countertop materials
Corrosion-resistant psychic plate: It is made of high-quality multi-ply paper after screening, soaked in special phenol liquid and formed by high-pressure thermosetting effect, and treated by special surface corrosion resistance. With acid and alkali resistance, impact resistance, heat resistance, economical and durable
Epoxy resin countertop: It is mainly composed of reinforced epoxy resin. It has a smooth and safe arc-shaped edge. It is a chemical tabletop with integrated mold. The materials are uniform inside and outside, and can be restored and restored when damaged. Excellent resistance to acid and alkali, impact and high temperature resistance (about 800 ° C).
Ceramic plates: Ceramic plates made with zirconia or alumina are extremely weather resistant, and they have no effect on the surface and substrate, whether it is sunlight, rain (even acid rain) or moisture. UV resistance and color stability are fully up to international gray level 4-5.
Laboratory cabinet
Medicine cabinet
The medicine cabinet is an essential cabinet for the chemical laboratory. The solid chemical reagent and the standard solution are mainly placed, and the two must be placed in a sorted manner and cannot be mixed together. The chemical reagents placed should be classified and placed for easy searching. At the same time, for safety, the medicine cabinet should be provided with glass doors and windows, and the cabinet should also have certain bearing capacity and corrosion resistance.
Laboratory cabinet
Sample cabinet: The sample cabinet for all kinds of experimental samples should have compartments and labelable partitions for easy storage of samples and samples, because some samples need to be placed in accordance with the physical properties and chemical stability of the samples. The device is saved, so the cells are large and small, so that different samples can be stored.
Drug storage cabinet: used to store liquid reagents, such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, organic reagents and other volatile drugs. It is usually made of wood or steel and can store reagents of different specifications. The cabinets are required to be stable and can be used side by side or fixed to the floor wall.
Dangerous goods storage cabinet: suitable for simple storage and short-term storage of dangerous goods, made of stainless steel or refractory brick.
Glassware drying and storage cabinet: After washing, the off-duty utensils are stored on the bracket, and the brackets are fixed with the guide rails to make the glassware accessible. The brackets of each layer can be adjusted according to the size of the utensils, and the racks are ventilated. Good, easy to clean and dry. In addition, there are tool cabinets, miscellaneous cabinets, lockers, and so on.
Clean cabinet
Clean cabinets, also known as ultra-clean workbench, are widely used in industries such as biology, medicine, health, electronics, precision instruments, and meters. Provides a sterile, dust-free clean operating environment.
The structure and working principle of the clean cabinet: The main components include the cabinet, the operating table, the front panel, the fan, the static pressure box, the filter, the lighting, the germicidal lamp, and the like. The external gas passes through the fan zone, and the working area gas is positively pressurized to ensure that it is not contaminated by external gases. The clean cabinet can be divided into horizontal laminar flow and vertical laminar flow according to the flow direction of the gas. The specifications are single, double, single-sided, double-sided. , can also be used in series.
Biological safety cabinet
Biosafety cabinets are widely used in colleges and universities, research institutes, pharmaceutical factories, health and epidemic prevention units, etc. They are the main clean equipment for microbial experiment operations, which can prevent the possible proliferation of toxic and harmful suspended particles, and protect the operators during the experiment. Environmental safety also protects samples from contamination during operation.
Biosafety cabinet level
Level 1: Equivalent to the function of the detox cabinet with filter to protect the operator and the environment.
Level 2: Protects the operator, environment and sample at the same time, and is suitable for biosafety samples of grades 1, 2 and 3.
Level 3: At the same time protect the operator, environment and sample, the operating environment is completely isolated from the external environment, with glove box, full-tight operation, suitable for the experimental operation of high-risk samples.
Fume hood
Laboratory ventilation is an integral part of laboratory design. In order to prevent laboratory workers from inhaling or ingesting some toxic, pathogenic or toxic chemicals and organisms, there should be good ventilation in the laboratory.
To prevent the absorption of some vapors, gases and particulates (smoke, soot, dust and aerosols), the pollutants must be removed by means of a fume hood, hood or partial ventilation.
The fume hood is one of the most commonly used local exhaust devices in the laboratory. It has a wide variety of conditions. Due to its different structure and different conditions, the exhaust effect is different. The performance of the fume hood is good, depending on the speed at which the air moves through the fume hood.
Laboratory planning and furniture design
Before design
Before designing, first understand the following contents of the target laboratory and make preliminary plans.
To design a modern laboratory, first of all, to propose the overall planning of the laboratory, determine the nature, purpose, tasks, basis and scale of the laboratory, determine the various laboratory functions and process conditions and scale, the overall concept of indoor space, Such as room shape, size, etc.
Ceiling type and height
Ground: Different floors are used for different laboratories, and marble floors cannot be used in the laboratory. Nowadays, the most common ones are PVC floor and epoxy resin floor, and some use ceramic tiles. In addition to paying attention to the type of the ground, it is also necessary to pay attention to the position of the upper and lower water pipes.
Wall surface: including the position of the column, the height of the window sill, the width of the skirting board, etc., must be clearly defined. This is an important aspect, because these are frequently involved in the specific construction.
Laboratory workbench
Planning and designing the laboratory, you must not understand the size parameters of the laboratory furniture and the design mode of the test bench.
For example, the height of the sitting table is usually between 750 and 850 mm, and the height of the male laboratory is also considered to be 900 mm.
The height of the station is between 850mm and 920mm;
The length of the workbench should generally be considered to be 1200mm per person (minimum should not be less than 1000mm), while the organic chemical test bench should be considered longer, preferably 1400-1600mm.
The height of the reagent rack is between 1200 and 1650mm, while the height of the cabinet is up to 1800-2000mm.
The design of the lab bench focuses on safety and convenience. There are several common design modes:
1. Island type: is the most common mode. It is often used in large spaces and in rectangular indoor forms. This mode is characterized by smooth flow of people.
2. Peninsula type: This is also a typical application, this mode is suitable for long and narrow rooms.
3. L type: L type is suitable for a narrower room form.
In addition to the above three, there are also U-shaped and one-line (ie side experimental bench) layouts are also more common. When designing a chemical analysis experiment, a central test bench that can be operated from both sides is usually arranged in the center of the laboratory, and side test benches, test benches, fume hoods, medicine cabinets, drying cabinets, etc. are arranged on both sides, and a clean bench and constant temperature are provided as needed. Wet equipment, in order to increase the use of space as much as possible, often need to be equipped with some flat test benches.
In order to facilitate the operation of the analytical instrument, the piping of the special gas used in the analytical instrument should be as close as possible to the analytical instrument.
In biological laboratories, consider the special requirements of general data processing, inspection, testing, photography, and washing of equal data processing workflows. It is usually possible to have a sink and a drying station at the entrance to facilitate the cleaning of laboratory utensils.
Exit
Of course, the special design of the safety channel cannot be ignored in the laboratory planning and design. This refers to the safety distance in the laboratory interior design.
Security door: as an evacuation channel. The door width is 900-1500mm, and the single door is generally 900mm. The double doors have 1200mm, 1400mm, 1500mm and so on.
Safety distance: For the main channel, if two test benches are operated on both sides, the distance should be ≥1500mm; single-sided operation should be ≥1200mm (but the laboratory channel of the school basically does not meet this requirement); if there is a detoxification cabinet, the distance should be ≥1500mm, and pay special attention to the position that the detox cabinet cannot be placed close to the door.
Channel distance: The minimum width of the fire exit inside the general building is 1200mm, while the laboratory is different, at least 1500mm wide.
Laboratory ventilation system
There are two types of ventilation in chemical laboratories, local exhaust and full room ventilation. Local exhaust is produced immediately after the production of harmful substances. This method can remove a large amount of harmful substances with less air volume. Energy saving is effective. It is a feasible and economical way to improve the current laboratory conditions, or it may be adapted to new ones. The best way to build a laboratory ventilation, so it is widely used in the laboratory.
For some experiments where local exhaust cannot be used, or local exhaust does not meet the requirements, full room ventilation should be used.
The guiding ideology of ventilation system design:
1 Effective and economical principles, striving to achieve the purpose of discharging all polluting gases in the experiment;
2 Take measures to draw away the polluting gas produced in the experiment and not to spread it;
3 ventilation pipe system layout should be reasonable, eliminate various unreasonable factors, reduce drag and noise;
4The ventilating table top device strives to be beautiful in appearance and reasonable in layout, and its height and position do not affect the installation of the experimental device, and does not affect the experimental operation;
5 Reasonable selection of fans to prevent or reduce noise and vibration, easy to install and maintain;
6 Considering local and full room ventilation, taking into account the reasonable arrangement of water supply and drainage, gas and power lines.
Various harmful gases in the laboratory mainly occurred on the experimental desktop. The laboratory desktop exhaust system is to inhale the harmful gases generated during the experiment into the hood through the suction hood set on the tabletop, and through the air duct, the centrifugal fan is used as the power to discharge into the outdoor upper atmosphere.
The desktop suction hood is an important part of the desktop system. Its performance has an important impact on the technical and economic effects of the desktop exhaust system. If the design is reasonable, a small exhaust air volume can achieve good results. Larger air volumes also fall short of the intended purpose. Therefore, research and design of new types of suction hoods with excellent performance have great practical significance for environmental protection, energy saving and cost reduction.
Nowadays, there is a commonly used suction hood for a new type of ventilation device. On the basis of the original axial lifting and rotating, an innovative product that can rotate arbitrarily within a range of 360 degrees has been developed, so that the table top device becomes a universal type. The table top device, ie the suction hood, can be accessed at any point within the optimum discharge distance, and the device can also be hung on the roof or wall. The suction hood is scientific in design, beautiful in appearance and extremely convenient in operation.
safety equipment
The safety design referred to here refers to the spare equipment of the laboratory, such as a desktop eye wash, a floor-standing shower, an eye wash, a safety box, and the like. The desktop eye washer should be placed on the right side of the sink, because the Chinese are used to the right hand operation; the floor-standing shower and eye wash should be placed at the exit, and the room should be equipped with a floor drain; the safety box should be placed in the most conspicuous place. Built in first aid medicine.
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