Abnormal mushroom is a relatively common physiological disease in the production of Pleurotus ostreatus, which seriously affects the yield and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus and even completely loses the value of commodities. This disease is mainly caused by improper management, and a few are caused by strain degradation, mutation, and virus infection. The main types of malformed mushrooms are:
1. Stiletto mushrooms. Caps are small, differentiation is poor, and mushroom handles are long. The reason is that the formation of the primordium and differentiation of mushroom house oxygen deficiency, lack of light, the temperature is high, affecting the normal differentiation and development of the cap. Prevention and control methods: Strengthen ventilation, adjust light and temperature.
2. Tumor mushroom. Cap performance is mainly due to the edge of a number of granular protrusions, light color, mushroom cover stiffness, growth retardation, severe mushroom cover differentiation is poor, irregular shape. The reason is that the temperature of the mushroom body is too low and the duration is long, resulting in the imbalance of cell growth inside and outside. Prevention and control methods: Adjust the temperature of mushroom house in Pleurotus ostreatus above the minimum temperature limit, and there is a certain temperature difference, and promote the growth, development and differentiation of the mushroom body.
3. Cauliflower mushroom. Mushroom shaped like cauliflower, much branched, the initial primordium was egg-shaped, inflated, uplifted, undifferentiated, and later branched. The reason is that the mushroom bed or mushroom house was sprayed with a high concentration of pesticide before or during the mushrooming period. The juvenile mushroom is extremely sensitive to this disease most easily. It may also be that the mushroom house contains other harmful gases, such as high concentration of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide emitted from coal combustion, and so on. Prevention and control methods: mushroom pesticides should be used with caution, concentration should not be too high when used. In particular, the use of dichlorvos is absolutely not allowed during the fruiting period, and ventilation, air ventilation, and harmful gases are eliminated.
4. Shrinking mushroom. The early development of the mushroom body is normal, that is, yellowing, edema, or dry shrinkage during the swelling period, and the growth stops and finally becomes soft and rot. The cause of edema is that the humidity is too large or there is more water directly sprayed on the young mushroom body, making the mushroom tissue absorb water, affecting the respiration and metabolism and stopping the growth and death. Shrinkage is due to the relative humidity of the air is relatively small, ventilation is too strong, the wind blows directly on the mushroom body, so that the mushroom loses water and die. Or the nutrient of the culture medium is imbalanced, after forming a large number of primordia, some of them grow rapidly, and the rest are stagnated due to insufficient nutrition supply. Prevention and control measures: Control the humidity at 80% to 85%, do not spray water on the young mushroom body, do not let the wind blow directly on the mushroom body, and reasonably match the ingredients of the culture material. A small number of shriveling mushrooms are caused by the degradation of strains. The symptoms are that the caps are not sufficiently large, ie, they are recoiling, yellowing, and shrinking. Control methods: use good varieties.
5. Coral Mushrooms. The primordium is abnormally differentiated, loose, and has many small branches that resemble corals. The reason is that when the primordium occurs, severely ventilated, the light is very weak, and the nitrogen source is lacking. Prevention and control methods: Strengthen the ventilation and light adjustment of carbon and nitrogen ratio, add nitrogen source.
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