After the wheat harvest begins, the harvester breaks the straw and completes the straw return. Straw returning can improve soil properties, accelerate the ripening of raw soil, increase soil fertility, and have many advantages. However, after the return of straw, it will also cause some new problems, such as competing with corn seedlings for nitrogen nutrition, aggravation of pests and diseases. In the process of returning straw to the field, care should be taken to avoid these problems.
First of all, pay attention to increasing available nitrogen fertilizer.
Gramineous crop straw contains high cellulose content, which is up to 30% to 40%. After returning to the field, the carbon content in the soil will increase sharply, and it will generally increase about one time. The growth of microorganisms is based on carbon as energy and nitrogen as nutrient. Microorganisms must absorb nitrogen from the soil to make up for it. This also causes nitrogen contending with crops. If nitrogen fertilizer is not applied, it will easily lead to insufficient nitrogen in the soil and affect the seedling growth. Therefore, it is particularly important to add nitrogen fertilizer when straw is returned to the field. It can accelerate the decomposition of straw and ensure the strong growth of the seedlings at the same time. In general, 30 kg of urea or 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate should be added per mu after returning wheat straw to meet the straw decomposition requirements.
Second, pay attention to overturning coverage.
In general, the straw should be ploughed into the soil immediately after the crop is harvested to prevent the straw from being dried and affecting the rate of decay. However, after wheat is harvested, soil plowing is rarely performed. Wheat straw is exposed to the surface and is often blown away by the wind, which also affects the decomposition of the straw. Therefore, after wheat is harvested, it is necessary to pay attention to appropriate overturning and covering, to fix the straw, and to promote rapid decomposition of the straw. Fresh straw will produce various organic acids during the decomposed process, which will have toxic effects on crop roots. Therefore, when returning straw to the soil with poor acidity and air permeability, appropriate amount of lime should be applied, preferably 30-40 kg/mu.
Finally, we must pay attention to pest control.
Under general conditions, pests and diseases have aggravating trend after returning straw. In particular, underground pests such as cockroaches and cockroaches, unslaked straw are available for feeding and breeding. Pathogens and eggs in the straw will also enter the soil, increasing the chance of the next crop being harmed. Therefore, before the straw is applied to the soil, the straw can be disinfected with an agent, and the straw is sprayed once more with 500 times chlorothalonil plus phoxim, so as to reduce the damage of pathogenic bacteria and eggs.
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