Study on the Mechanism of Pollutants of Pearl Plum Blossom Affecting Animals' Learning and Memory Ability

Study on the Mechanism of Pollutants of Pearl Plum Blossom Affecting Animals' Learning and Memory Ability

Ø Summary

Ø Keywords:   Pearl plum , volatiles , mice , open field behavior , learning and memory

In order to investigate the effect Sorbaria volatiles to the environment, the paper dynamic headspace 22 adsorption and thermal desorption GC-MS technique, analyzes the type and relative amounts of volatiles under Sorbaria near natural state; different concentration Sorbaria mice were treated flowers, the effect of pearl plum volatiles on open field behavior learning and memory in mice and results showed that: pearl plum flower volatiles exploratory mice, excitement, exercise-induced inhibition; the volatiles were no low concentrations of learning and memory in mice significantly affect the high concentration of volatile inhibit learning and memory in mice. Sorbaria flowers volatiles, the high nitrogen containing compounds, such as trimethylamine, 1, 122 dimethyl Base urea, nicotinic aldehyde, etc. , these substances may be the main reason for the impact on the behavior and memory of mice .

Urban greening is an important part of urban ecological environment construction, green plants continue to release volatile substances into the environment during normal growth. Some terpenes plant volatile substances in the air at very low the concentrations and enhance the freshness of the air, has a good role in the regulation of the human body and mind, people feel comfortable and soothing, helps to eliminate fatigue, restore full state of mind. However, some of the volatile matter on human health adverse such as benzene and benzene, mild poisoning may feel dizzy, headache, dizziness, trance, gait; sometimes cause drowsiness, numbness, blurred vision; it may cause digestive reactions, such as nausea, vomiting; it may significantly stimulate the respiratory tract and conjunctiva, etc. with the continuous improvement of volatiles means plants, plant volatiles on human health impact more and more subject to people's attention to the pearl plum (Sorbaria kirilowii Maxim.. .) is the Beijing parks, green spaces, gardens common ornamental shrub with more specific volatile components. to further understand these volatile Exist in the form of organic matter in the air, the type, concentration and the impact on the quality of urban greening, this paper analyzes and determination of mouse bioassay test, analysis of volatile substances pearl plum flowers small pearl plum flowers for volatile substances rat learning and memory abilities and behaviors in open field, to improve the rational allocation of urban greening plants, building both beautiful and provide a theoretical basis for the human health benefits of the natural environment.

1. Materials and methods                                                                       

1.1.1 Animal experimental materials

ICR mice , 5 weeks old , male , provided by the Experimental Animal Department of Peking University Medical School .

1.1.2 Plant experimental materials

Pearl plum flowers are collected from the campus of Beijing Forestry University .

1.1.3 Processing method

Control mice were divided into test, treated 1, 2 of 3 treatment groups of 10 each, were placed in three test box (60 cm × 30 cm × 30cm ), the bottle inserted Sorbaria plucked, into boxes, flowers weight respectively 0, 7, 37 g, remove the old flowers every morning, add an equal amount of fresh flowers, 6 d 8 day continuous treatment: mice behavior 00 observed indicators.

1.1.4 Experimental equipment

MORRIS water maze , model XR-XM101 : made of black rubber sheet (80cm × 40cm × 40cm), water depth 30cm, water temperature 30 °C . The device has 3 blind ends , the end point has steps , the mouse can pass Steps ashore to avoid the threat of drowning . Market analysis box : homemade , go to the top transparent glass box (80 cm × 0 cm × 60 cm), the bottom of the box is divided into 9 squares (27m × 27 cm), along the The glass wall is called the outer perimeter . The water maze analysis system can be provided by Shanghai Xinsoft Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Ø Experimental method                                                                        

Mice were measured for each treatment group sequentially water maze test, training three times a day, each mouse was recorded into the number of blind end in swimming and swim time for learning and memory ability 1.5.1.

1 .5.2 open-field analysis

The mice were placed in the middle of the grid, the animals were observed activities within 5 min, record the following indicators: the number of cross-grid, grid central frequency and a central time frame, the number of standing, grooming, grooming time, defecation pearl plum. the volatiles were analyzed flowers flowers volatiles were collected from a plant using dynamic headspace collection method bagging. the volatiles were measured using TCT22GCPMS (Thermal- desorptionold Trap22Gas ChromatographyPMass Spectrometer, P thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry P) analysis method

Ø Experimental results                                                                         

     Type and content of FIG. Volatiles Sorbaria a total ion current from Volatiles body pearl plum (Total Ion Current TIC) chromatogram. Mass spectrometry data Sorbaria volatiles, with NIST98 standard within a computer mass database search and Manual control mass spectral data, the retention time integrated information, determined components 45, and the total ion chromatogram peak area normalized to give the relative amounts of the components Sorbaria volatiles, the results shown in Table 1. The active compounds of the pearl plum flower and the volatile compounds in vitro are analyzed and compared , the main components are the same , only the individual trace components are different .

Ø Discussion                                                                            

     Behavior is observed in the animals react to the environment, is the adaptation to changing environmental conditions. With the change or to external environmental stimuli living environment conditions, the animals will be under the control of the central nervous system, to make a series of behavior reaction (isotropic, taxis, reflection, instinct, learning and reasoning). behaviors in open field analysis mainly reflecting the animal to explore the new environment, habits and emotional changes accompanying squares crossed and standing times are exploring animal behavior and excitability ., motor activity levels reflect different concentrations in mice treated pearl plum, the results showed that: with the increase of the number of days of treatment, the number of squares crossed and standing control and treated mice showed a downward trend across the grid control group and standing times and decrease the number of other research Guode Yu consistent treatment groups squares crossed and standing times during the treatment was significantly lower than the control group, indicating Sorbaria inhibit exploratory mice, excitability, motility, so the decline in physical activity in mice. Sorbaria volatiles have an impact on the nervous behavior of animals, reduces mental stability and agility of movement, the brain Thinking activities generated a negative impact. Instinctive habits like mice walk along the wall, and avoid open central area, which is a natural defense reaction in mice, is instinctive behavior in rodents. From the experimental results, along with The increase in the number of treatment days increased the spatial recognition ability of the mice , and the time between the control group and the treatment group was shortened and the number of times decreased . There was no significant difference between the control group and the treatment group . It may be due to the decrease in the amount of movement of the mice. Reduction , time reduction . Under different treatment conditions , the control and treatment groups did not change the number of grooming during the treatment ; with the increase of treatment days , the lengthening of the grooming time of the control and treatment mice indicated that the mice were grooming time gradually meet environmental treatment group and the control group, indicating that the volatiles Sorbaria affect the behavior of the mice, the mice became emotionally unstable can be seen: the control group decreased the number of bowel movements, described mice Gradually adapting to the environment , reflecting the decrease of tension in mice ; the number of bowel movements in the treatment group on the 1st day was significantly lower than that in the control group , indicating that the mice were slow to reflect the new environment , probably due to the influence of the volatiles of the pearl plum The result .

     Learning behavior is a new behavioral activity established by animals through their life experience and experiment . The mice have strong learning and memory ability , constantly explore in the water maze, and finally escape from the watery shore . This complicated behavioral process . controlled by internal and external factors of mixing during the experiment ,, as the process increases the number of days, increasing the number of training, the travel time which significantly reduced the number of errors is reduced, and finally rapidly proficient swim maze; treatment 2 There was no significant change in the swimming time of the water maze , and the number of errors increased slightly . It indicated that the volatile matter of low concentration of pearl plum had no significant effect on the learning and memory of mice , while the volatile matter of high concentration of pearl plum inhibited the learning and memory ability of mice. in the experiment, when the mice were placed in the center of the open-field observation grid box, the mice went to the edge immediately stopped in the glass wall, to the surrounding view, and then starts inter-cell circling movement, accompanied by crawling glass wall standing, seems to find escape passages, and then some motion through the central grid, but time is short. paws from the mice began standing after 2 min, and grooming short occurs, when mouse situation Xu begin to stabilize, away from the glass walls, standing side edge across the grid, about 4 min, mice and the surrounding multi-grid for grooming standing. Hair treatment time longer processing time set, and fewer standing motion across the grid.

     In conclusion, mice treated Sorbaria volatiles, which decreased the amount of motion, slow reaction, much more retarded than the control group. Volatiles Sorbaria for the analysis of a large number of nitrogen-containing compounds, such as trimethylamine, 1 , 1 -dimethylurea, acetophenone, nicotinic aldehyde, etc. , as well as isoamyl alcohol, 2- methyl acrolein , which are irritating or toxic compounds . Amines, benzenes are harmful to human health. while these two types of substances have strong adsorption on human skin, due to the large number of respiratory and skin of mice exposed to hazardous volatiles, resulting in a decline in physical activity in mice. mice after treatment pearl plum, its main indicators of behavior change Obviously , it tends to slow down , indicating that the volatiles of bougainvillea have a negative effect on the behavior of mice , and can inhibit the excitatory and motility activities of mice . Although the physiological indicators of human body have not been determined , the results of animal behavior studies are based on the results. be considered preliminary, as one kind of pearl plum tree species, could have a negative impact on human health, preferably away from residential planting, planting density should be low and should not be high.