In order to coordinate with the construction of tons of grain fields and increase the output per unit area, in recent years, Cixian County of Handan City has conducted large-scale summer high-yield demonstration, application and promotion of high-yield corn, covering an area of ​​over 30,000 mu. On September 29, 2014, an expert group was established by the Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Hebei Agricultural Technology Extension Station, the Hebei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Agricultural College of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan City Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other departments. High-yielding demonstration field spot sampling inspection acceptance test, the data show that in the hilly area of ​​Ci County, the yield of summer corn reached 859.6 kg, the plain area of ​​873.2 kg per mu. Up to 1029.5 kg. Created a record of high yield of summer corn in our province. The practical experience is summarized and introduced. It is hoped that it will help to guide the summer live corn to create high yields.
First, basic management
1. The main measures for fertility include returning straw to wheat and corn every year. In the autumn, when cultivating more than 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, the mu will be mixed with biofertilizer and trace element fertilizer, and fertilize the soil year by year. Soil organic matter content in the tillage layer reached 1.3%, total nitrogen content was 950 mg/kg, available phosphorus content was 35 mg/kg, available potassium content was 105 mg/kg, and pH was 6.5-7.
2. Select high-yield varieties with low spike position and dense planting, and plant dense and densely planted with high-yielding, high-yielding cultivars for summer live direct seeding. Use compact plant type, low ear position, good planting resistance, strong resistance to stress and disease resistance, and the whole growth period is about 105 days. In the late growth stage, the plants have good green-keeping properties, fast filling speed, high grain weight, and the ability to ripen green leaves, which is suitable for high-quality, high-yield varieties grown locally. Over the years, we have selected Denghai 618, 605, Zhengdan 958, Xianyu 335 and other varieties for high-yield application demonstration of corn, the effect is better. The suitable theoretical density for high-yielding cultivation is about 6700, and the yield structure is: 5000-6000 ear panicles, 500-750 grain per ear, 1000-300-350 g grain weight, and 190-230 g grain weight per panicle.
3. The sooner the better the robbers live, the better it is to grab the no-tillage and the live-summer summer corn after harvest. The sowing date should not be later than June 20. In 2013 and 2014, high-yield trials were planted on June 16 and June 24, respectively. Denghai 618 reached full maturity at the end of September and early October, and the entire growth period was about 105 days, on October 5 and October 10 respectively. Harvested on the 13th of the month to achieve high yield goals.
4. Appropriate fertilization According to the characteristics of required fertilizer in the whole growth period of corn, it is more reasonable to use the light and heavy weight fertilization method before fertilization. At the time of sowing, 30% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer required to be sowed, all of the phosphate fertilizer and 80% of the potassium fertilizer were used as base fertilizer. Do seed and fertilizer isolation. The total amount of nitrogen fertilizer required for topdressing during big bell mouth period is 50% and 20% of potash is needed to meet the needs of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and to promote panicle differentiation. During the silking stage, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer required for topdressing was 20%, and watering was carried out in the dry period during the filling period.
5. Large and small rows of planting and seed fertilizer isolation and sowing are to be sowed with 50 cm of large rows and 50 cm of small rows. Select the seeder with fertilizing function to realize the seeding simulcasting. When sowing, it should be driven at a uniform speed and the speed should not exceed 3 per hour. In order to ensure that seed sowing and fertilization are separated by more than 10 cm, it is necessary to prevent fertilizers from burning and destroying buds.
Second, field management
1. Fine sowing Seed selection before sowing and drying the Seeds for 2-3 days. Seed dressing as appropriate. Use large rows of 70 cm, small rows of 50 cm in rows and rows. Planting or planting the seedlings immediately after the seedlings have been planted to ensure seedlings and strong seedlings.
2. Control of diseased grass and pests After corn sowing, the insecticides are sprayed on the wheat bran in a timely manner to prevent insect pests. Then the pests and diseases are controlled in time according to the occurrence and occurrence of pests and diseases. , aphids, armyworms, thrips, corn borers, and earworms. After emergence, according to the type and regularity of weed occurrence, timely and appropriate post-emergence herbicides are sprayed to control weeds in the corn field.
3. Chemical regulation Before the jointing of corn to the small bell-mouth period (when the corn grows to 8-11 unfolded leaves), a safe and efficient plant growth regulator is sprayed to promote balanced growth of individuals, promote robust stalks, and prevent lodging.
4. Watering at the right time In the case of planting seedlings or pouring seedlings with water, it is generally not necessary to water before the small bellmouth period. When the drought is heavy, it should be watered in time. After entering the big bell period, there should be no water shortage. To achieve surface moisture, keep the field water capacity 70%-80%. To prevent soil drought, in order to improve the photosynthetic capacity of later leaves and increase grain weight.
5.Appropriate top-dressing at 50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and 20% of the total amount of potassium needed for topdressing during the big bell-mouth stage (11-13th leaf stage), to meet the demand of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and promote Spike differentiation. The total amount of nitrogen fertilizer required for topdressing during corn silking is 20%. Top dressing is best done with watering to facilitate nutrient absorption. Fertilizer is generally 15-20 cm away from the corn line, apply or apply acupuncture, apply about 10 cm deep, in order to reduce nutrient losses and improve utilization. Poor irrigation should be combined with watering irrigation to improve fertilizer efficiency.
6. Artificial emasculation and assisted pollination At the flowering stage of corn, artificial ropes are pulled at the top of the plant to shake the tassel, promote pollination, and increase the seed setting rate. After the pollination of corn is completed, it may be considered to remove tassels as appropriate to reduce the shading and nutrient deprivation of tassels, create good soil, fertilizer and water conditions, make full use of light and heat resources, delay plant senescence, extend the functional period of green leaves, and promote photosynthetic products. Production, operation and accumulation.
7. Under the premise of striving for early sowing in the full-maturity harvesting summer maize, after maturity, the harvest should be appropriately delayed according to the meteorological temperature conditions to ensure that the corn kernels are cooked and weighted on the trees, and that it is appropriate to not affect the wheat sowing. Close, extend the time of ripening and drying on the tree, and capture the highest yield.
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