1. Symptoms: Mainly manifests the symptoms of bean mosaic. The symptoms are first expressed on the new leaves, showing veins, chlorosis, or shrinkage. The leaves show mosaics. In the chlorotic parts of the leaves, the mesophyll protrudes or sinks into a pocket. The leaves are usually Bending down or deformed. The diseased plant grows slowly, with less flowering and less scarring. Fruit pods rarely show symptoms, but pods of severe strains also produce yellow spots or deformity.
2. Infectious Pathways and Pathogenesis There are four major viruses that cause bean mosaic virus.
(1) Common bean mosaic virus: The host range is limited to the leguminous plants near the edge of kidney bean, and the seed disease rate is as high as 30--50%, which is mainly transmitted by pods and peach pods. Juice friction can spread disease. The soil is non-toxic.
(2) Bean yellow mosaic virus: The host range is more extensive. Vectors are mainly pea pods, bean pods, and peach pods, etc., which are rubbed by juices. The seeds are not sick and the soil is not poisoned.
(3) Cucumber Mosaic Virus: A broad range of hosts, mainly the bean pathogen of the cucumber mosaic virus, which is caused by the aphid-transmitted virus. The seeds are not sick and the soil is not poisoned.
(4) Peanut Dwarf Virus: It is transmitted from poisonous peaches and bean pods. The seed transmission rate is low and the soil is not transmitted.
The initial virus infection mainly comes from the infected seeds and the source plants, which are sucked by the aphids. Aphids can be poisoned by taking 1-5 minutes on diseased plants. The bean yellow mosaic virus worms need only be sucked for 15 seconds and become poisonous. Poisonous locusts are transferred to plants for smoking, and they are usually transmitted within 1-5 minutes. The bean yellow mosaic virus is spread in just 15-30 seconds.
The severity of bean mosaic disease was related to the number of aphids and migration. In addition, the temperature also directly affects the symptoms of symptoms, high temperature (26 °C) mostly heavy leaves, dwarfing and leaf rolling, at about 18 °C, only light mosaic, more than 28 °C or below 18 °C symptoms Suppressed.
3. Prevention: Selection of anti-viral varieties. Set up a virus-free planting field and leave seed from a disease-free plant. Seed disinfection, strengthen fertilizer management, unplug and destroy diseased plants, control aphids.
Preparation of Fenebute
1. Prepare the first intermediate
Benzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate into ethanol, stir at room temperature under the catalysis of organic alkali reaction with filter cake filtration after 45 ~ 50 h, after the completion of the filter with ethanol elution filter cake, dry cake solids, then ethanol filtrate concentrated to a quarter of the original volume, to cold, concentrate filtering alcohol washing, solid, merging two solid is the first intermediate; The mole ratio of benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and ethanol is 1:2.5 -3:12-15.
2. Prepare the second intermediate
The first intermediate is added to the mass concentration of 20% sodium hydroxide solution, and the reaction is stirred at 85-90°C for 2-5 hours. After filtration, the filter cake is used for filtration. After filtration, the filter cake is washed, the filtrate is combined and cooled, and the filtrate is cooled by stirring for 3h. Solid second intermediate; The mass ratio of the first intermediate to the sodium hydroxide solution is I: 1.8-2.0;
3. Prepare the third intermediate
The second intermediate was dissolved in pure acetic anhydride solution for reflux 3 ~ 5h. After the reflux, the acetic anhydride was concentrated and dissolved with toluene. After the dissolution, ammonia water was added, and the reaction took place at 60_65°C for 1 ~ 1.5 h. Filtrate, wash and dry the precipitated solid to get the solid third intermediate; The mass ratio of the second intermediate, pure acetic anhydride solution, toluene and ammonia water is 5:1-1.2:0.5-0.8:0.5-0.8;
4. Prepare Finebute
The third intermediate was dissolved in 25% sodium hydroxide solution and cooled to _5°C ~ 10°C. After cooling, sodium hypochlorite was added slowly within 15-20min for 1h reaction, followed by ice bath reaction of 0.5 ~ 1.5 h and water bath reaction of 0.5 ~ 1.5 h. Finally, the temperature was gradually increased to 60 ~ 80°C for 1-5 h, and the reaction was cooled again after completion. After cooling, hydrochloric acid was added in the ice water bath to adjust the PH to 2, and the decolorization was stirred at room temperature. After filtration, sodium hydroxide was added in the ice water bath to adjust the PH to 6-7, and the cooling was stirred for 2 hours. The mass ratio of the third intermediate, sodium hydroxide solution and sodium hypochlorite is 1.0:0.8-1.0:1.0-1.1.
Preparation of Fenebute
1. Prepare the first intermediate
Benzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate into ethanol, stir at room temperature under the catalysis of organic alkali reaction with filter cake filtration after 45 ~ 50 h, after the completion of the filter with ethanol elution filter cake, dry cake solids, then ethanol filtrate concentrated to a quarter of the original volume, to cold, concentrate filtering alcohol washing, solid, merging two solid is the first intermediate; The mole ratio of benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and ethanol is 1:2.5 -3:12-15.
2. Prepare the second intermediate
The first intermediate is added to the mass concentration of 20% sodium hydroxide solution, and the reaction is stirred at 85-90°C for 2-5 hours. After filtration, the filter cake is used for filtration. After filtration, the filter cake is washed, the filtrate is combined and cooled, and the filtrate is cooled by stirring for 3h. Solid second intermediate; The mass ratio of the first intermediate to the sodium hydroxide solution is I: 1.8-2.0;
3. Prepare the third intermediate
The second intermediate was dissolved in pure acetic anhydride solution for reflux 3 ~ 5h. After the reflux, the acetic anhydride was concentrated and dissolved with toluene. After the dissolution, ammonia water was added, and the reaction took place at 60_65°C for 1 ~ 1.5 h. Filtrate, wash and dry the precipitated solid to get the solid third intermediate; The mass ratio of the second intermediate, pure acetic anhydride solution, toluene and ammonia water is 5:1-1.2:0.5-0.8:0.5-0.8;
4. Prepare Finebute
The third intermediate was dissolved in 25% sodium hydroxide solution and cooled to _5°C ~ 10°C. After cooling, sodium hypochlorite was added slowly within 15-20min for 1h reaction, followed by ice bath reaction of 0.5 ~ 1.5 h and water bath reaction of 0.5 ~ 1.5 h. Finally, the temperature was gradually increased to 60 ~ 80°C for 1-5 h, and the reaction was cooled again after completion. After cooling, hydrochloric acid was added in the ice water bath to adjust the PH to 2, and the decolorization was stirred at room temperature. After filtration, sodium hydroxide was added in the ice water bath to adjust the PH to 6-7, and the cooling was stirred for 2 hours. The mass ratio of the third intermediate, sodium hydroxide solution and sodium hypochlorite is 1.0:0.8-1.0:1.0-1.1.
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