1, tomatoes
Most potassium, followed by nitrogen, phosphorus less. It has been determined that for every 1000 kg of tomato produced, 7.8 kg of nitrogen, 1.3 kg of phosphorus, 15.9 kg of potassium, 2.1 kg of CaO, and 0.6 kg of MgO are needed.
The absorption order of each element was: potassium> nitrogen> calcium> phosphorus> magnesium.
At the peak of the results, the absorption of nutrients reached a maximum, and the amount of absorbed fertilizer in this period accounted for 50%-80% of the total absorption. After that, the nutrient absorption gradually decreased. Seedling stage should be dominated by nitrogen fertilizer, and pay attention to the application of phosphate fertilizer, can promote leaf area expansion and flower bud differentiation. The full bloom of the first ear should gradually increase nitrogen and potassium nutrition.
At the peak of results, based on the full supply of nitrogen and potassium, it is necessary to increase phosphorus nutrition, especially in protective cultivation, and more attention should be paid to the supply of nitrogen and potassium. At the same time, carbon dioxide gas fertilizer, calcium, magnesium, boron, sulfur, and iron should also be added. The application of other medium and trace element fertilizers can not only increase the yield, but also improve the quality and increase the commodity rate.
2, cucumber
According to the measurement, for every 1,000 kilograms of cucumber produced, N1.9-2.7 kg, P2O50.8-0.9 kg should be absorbed from the soil. K2O3.5-4.0 kg. The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was 1:0.4:1.6. Potassium is the most abundant cucumber in the whole growth period, followed by nitrogen.
Within 30 days after cucumber colonization, the amount of nitrogen uptake rose linearly, and the most nitrogen uptake during the middle growth period reached the peak of absorption. In the reproductive growth stage, the absorption of phosphorus by cucumber increased dramatically, while the requirement for nitrogen decreased slightly. Cucumber absorbs potassium throughout its growing period, so potassium should be used in cucumber production.
3, eggplant
The amount of potassium absorbed in the middle growth stage is similar to that of nitrogen absorption. The absorption of potassium at the later stage of growth is far more than that of nitrogen. Although the absorption of phosphorus is increased in the later period, it is much smaller than that of potassium and nitrogen. For each 1000 kg of eggplant produced, the amount of each element absorbed is 2.7-3.3 kg of nitrogen, 0.7-0.8 kg of phosphorus, 4.7-5.1 kg of potassium, 1.2 kg of calcium oxide, 0.5 kg of magnesium oxide, and the absorption ratio is approximately 3:1:1.5. Fertilizer suitable formula should be 15:10:20.
4, celery
The absorption of nutrients by celery during the whole growth period is consistent with the increase in biomass. The absorption dynamics of all the nutrients are basically the same, showing an “S†curve. The autumn of celery nutrition is also the peak period of nutrient absorption, ie 68-100 days after sowing, the absorption of five elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium accounted for more than 84% of the total absorption, of which calcium and potassium were as high as 98.1% and 90.7%.
Among them, the highest amount of nitrogen was required, followed by calcium and potassium, and the least phosphorus and magnesium. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, is approximately 9.1:1.3:5.0:7.0:1.0. Generally 1000 kilograms of celery are produced. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 2.0 kg, 0.93 kg and 3.88 kg, respectively.
5, spinach
The production of 1,000 kg of spinach requires 1.6 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.83 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 1.8 kg of potassium oxide. More nitrogen fertilizer is required to promote the growth of leaf plexus. As for the type of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer and the time of fertilization, spinach is a typical nitric acid nitrogen fertilizer. The yield of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is higher than 2:1, but ammonium fertilizer is applied alone. It inhibits the absorption of K and Ca and brings about the effects of ammonia damage on its growth.
The application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer alone, although the plant growth is large, but the energy consumed in the reduction process is too much; under low light, the absorption of nitrate nitrogen may be inhibited, resulting in insufficient supply of nitrogen.
6, melon
Melon has a shorter growth period and requires less fertilizer. For every 1,000 kilograms of melon produced, about 3.5 kilograms of nitrogen, 1.72 kilograms of phosphorus, and 6.88 kilograms of potassium need to be absorbed. According to the fertilizer utilization rate, the ratio of three factors in the actual fertilization is 1:1:1.
7, pepper
Pepper is a vegetable with a large amount of fertilizer. It requires approximately 3.5-5.4 kg of nitrogen (N), 0.8-1.3 kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), and 5.5-7.2 kg of potassium oxide (K2O) per 1,000 kg of rice produced.
From the early stage of growing to the fruit harvesting stage, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients absorbed by peppers varies during different growth stages. From emergence to budding, plant roots are small, leaves are small, and the nutrients needed are also Less, about 5% of the total absorption point; from the bud to the initial flower growth, the rapid expansion of the plant, the absorption of nutrients increased, accounting for about 11% of the total absorption;
From the beginning of flowering to full flowering, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of pepper were very strong. The absorption of nutrients accounted for about 34% of the total absorption. It was the period with the most nitrogen uptake. From flowering to maturity, the plant's vegetative growth was weak. The absorption of nutrients is about 50% of the total absorption of the point. At this time, the demand for phosphorus and potassium is the most. After the ripe fruit is harvested, in order to promptly promote the growth and development of the foliage, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is needed.
8, ginger
Every 1000 kilograms of fresh ginger produced needs to absorb 6.34 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 1.6 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide and 9.27 kilograms of potassium oxide. The order of nutrient uptake is potassium> nitrogen> phosphorus. The demand for nutrients has two peaks. The first one is In the third trimester, the second is the rhizome enlargement after the beginning of autumn. Principle of fertilization: Basal fertilizer is re-applied organic fertilizer, with a certain amount of compound fertilizer, top-dressing mainly with compound fertilizer, and the ratio of N, P and K is reasonable.
9. Cabbage
The production of 5,000 kilograms of Chinese cabbage per acre needs to absorb 11 kilograms of pure nitrogen (N), 54.7 kilograms of pure phosphorus (P2O5), and 12.5 kilograms of pure potassium (K2O) from the soil. The ratio of the three is 1:0.4:1.1. During the vegetative growth period of Chinese cabbage, sufficient oxygen nutrition promotes the formation of hypertrophic green leaves and enhances photosynthetic efficiency. It plays a particularly important role.
Due to different growth and growth rates of Chinese cabbage during different growth periods, the demand for nutrient conditions is also different. The total requirement fertilizer is characterized by less nutrient absorption at the seedling stage, absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium less than 10% of the total absorption; a significant increase in the rosette period, about 30% of the total point; the most nutrients are absorbed during the filling period About 60% of the total point.
10. Yam
For every 1000 kg of tubers produced, 4.32 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.07 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 5.38 kg of potassium oxide are required. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required is 4:1:5. The amount and type of fertilizer required for different growing seasons are not. same. Seedling stage: The plant growth is small. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is also small.
The prosperous period of branches and leaves: As the growth rate of plants is accelerated, the amount of growth increases, and the nutrient and absorption also increase, especially the absorption of nitrogen increases more. The rapid expansion of tubers: the growth of stems and leaves reaches a peak, the tubers grow and expand rapidly, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium also reaches a peak.
11. Potato
Potatoes are tuber crops and require 4.4 kg of nitrogen, 1.8 kg of phosphorus, and 7.9 kg of potassium per 1000 kg of fresh potatoes. This is a typical potassium-promoting crop. The effect on the yield of crops is potassium> nitrogen> phosphorus, and the potato growth period is short. Large output, base fertilizer demand.
12, green onions
The onion yield depends on the length and thickness of the pseudostem. The growth of pseudostems is affected by the speed of the leaves, the number of leaves, and the size of the leaf area. The internal factors are controlled by the characteristics of the varieties and the convulsions in advance, and their external factors are affected by the combined effects of temperature, moisture, light and soil nutrients.
In general, the number of leaves is higher, the height of the pseudo-stem is higher, and the thicker the leaf blade is, the thicker the leaf sheath is, and the thicker the pseudostem is. Welsh onion belongs to two-year cold-tolerant vegetables, and it is divided into two periods of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. From the appearance of the first true leaf to the wintering for the seedling period, it lasted 40-50 days. During this period, the temperature is low, the amount of growth is small, and the management is mainly to prevent seedlings from being leggy and wintering safely. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer is small.
From the beginning of spring return to planting for the growth of seedlings, as long as 80-100 days, this period is the key period for the cultivation of strong seedlings, should be applied in time to "raising seedlings fertilizer" to quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. Before and after the dew exposure, green onions are the most suitable growing season, and they enter the peak period of light blues. The pseudo-stems are rapidly elongated and thickened. This period is another crucial period for fertilizer and water management.
As the onions are pleasing to the top, based on the application of basal fertilizer, top dressings are required according to the fertilizer and fat requirements of each growth period. Base fertilizers are mainly organic fertilizers and require complete nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Special attention should be paid to the application of sulfur fertilizers. Top dressing is mainly quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, which is based on the principle of “before light weight, heavy weight, and after attacking and compensating after.†For each 1,000 kg of scallion production, about 3.4 kg of nitrogen, 1.8 kg of phosphorus, and 6.0 kg of potassium are used, and the ratio is 1.9:1. :3.3.
13, garlic
Garlic is a potassium and sulfur-like crop. The requirement of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients during the growth process of garlic is more nitrogen and potassium, and less phosphorus. General production of fresh garlic 1500-2500 kg. Experiments have shown that for every 1,000 kilograms of garlic tubers produced, approximately 4.8 kilograms of nitrogen, 1.4 kilograms of phosphorus, 4.4 kilograms of potassium, and 0.8 kilograms of sulfur are needed; during the growth cycle of garlic, the growth period of garlic sprouts is the period of peak fertilizer requirement during the expansion of garlic bulbs.
14, leeks
Leek has strong resistance to fertility, and the amount of fertilizer required varies with age. The leeks sown in that year, especially in the germination and seedling stages, consume less fertilizer, have 2-4 years of leeks, and require large amounts of fertilizer to grow. Generally, for every 1000kg of leeks produced, N1.5-1.8kg is needed, P0.5-0.6kg is needed, and K1.7-2.0kg is needed.
15, Shantou
In the three elements of fertilizer, potassium is needed most, followed by nitrogen fertilizer and less phosphorus fertilizer. Generally, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus and potassium in cultivated steamed bread is 2:1:2.
16, carrots
For every 1,000 kilograms of carrots produced, 2.4-4.3 kilograms of nitrogen, 0.7-1.7 kilograms of phosphorus, and 5.7-11.7 kilograms of potassium are required. The law of sucking fertilizers is as follows: the early growth period is slow, and the growth rapidly increases when the roots begin to expand in the middle and later periods, and the nutrient absorption also increases with the increase of the amount of the childbirth.
In the two months after sowing, the absorption of each element was small. With the enlargement of the roots, the amount of absorption increased significantly. The maximum amount of potassium was absorbed, followed by nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, which in turn decreased. At the time of harvest, potassium was the most abundant in the leaves, followed by nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Potassium and nitrogen were the most abundant in the roots, followed by phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium.
The requirement of nitrogen for carrots was mainly in the previous period. It was necessary to apply topdressing nitrogen fertilizer 30-50 days after sowing. In this period, there was a shortage of nitrogen, and the diameter of the root was significantly reduced, and the roots of the meat were inflated badly. Different forms of nitrogen have a great influence on the growth of carrots. Carbohydrate absorbs less phosphorus, about 1/3 of the amount of nitrogen absorbed.
When the content of available phosphorus in soil is low, the effect of increasing phosphorus fertilizer is obvious. With the increase of fertilizer application, the yield also increases. For calcareous soils with large phosphorus absorption coefficients, applying more phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer is beneficial to the early growth of plants and the later root expansion. The effect of potassium on carrots is mainly to enlarge the meat quality. Attention should be paid to the application of potash fertilizer in production to prevent potassium deficiency in the soil. In particular, during the period of meat root swelling, supply of potash fertilizer should be ensured.
17. Radish
For every 1,000 kilograms of radish produced, N2 1 – 3.1 kg, P2O5 0.8 – 1.9 kg, K2O 3.8 – 5.6 kg must be absorbed from the soil. The ratio of the three is 1:0.2:1.8. Visible radish is hi potassium vegetables, not too much nitrogen fertilizer.
In addition, radish is more sensitive to boron, in the early and the flourishing period of fleshy root enlargement, foliar application of boron fertilizer can effectively improve the quality of radish.
18, loofah
Loofah grows fast, has many results, and is fat, but its root system is shallow. Fertilizer absorption, weak fertility, require loose soil and fertile, rich in organic matter. According to the determination, for every 1000 kg of gourd produced, 1.9-2.7 kg of nitrogen, 0.8-0.9 kg of phosphorus, and 3.5-4.0 kg of potassium are absorbed from the soil.
The amount of nitrogen uptake in the 30 days after colonization of loofah showed a linear upward trend, and the most nitrogen uptake was observed in the middle growth period. In the reproductive growth period, the demand for phosphorus increased sharply, while the demand for nitrogen decreased slightly. The weight gain of each organ of the plant before the nectarine stage was slow, and the nutrient flow was mainly root and leaf, and provided nutrients for the vine and flower bud differentiation and development.
After entering the nectarine stage, the growth of the plant increased significantly, reaching the maximum value at the fruiting period. During the fruiting period, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorbed by the sponge gourd accounted for 50% of the total amount of absorbed nitrogen. 47 % and 48% or so. By the end of the melon period, the growth rate slowed down and the nutrient absorption decreased, of which nitrogen and potassium decreased more significantly.
19. Kidney beans
Nitrogen and cowpea nitric acid nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen supply is not as good as possible, appropriate nitrogen is conducive to increase production and improve quality, excessive application will result in falling and delayed maturation, affecting cowpea production and efficiency. Phosphorus and phosphorus play an important role in the formation of Rhizobium leguminosa and flowering and scarring.
Phosphorus deficiency makes the cowpea plants and rhizobia growth and development poor, the number of flowering and scarring is reduced, the number of foliar kernels is small, and the yield is reduced. Potassium and potassium can significantly affect the growth and development of cowpea and the formation of yield. The shortage of potash fertilizer will reduce cowpea production by more than 20%. In production, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is more appropriate, and even if the amount of potassium is less, generally it will not show the symptoms of potassium deficiency.
Magnesium and kidney beans are prone to magnesium deficiency. If there is insufficient magnesium in the soil, from the first month after the cowpea sowing, firstly in the primary leaves, the yellowish chlorosis starts from the veins of the first true leaf and gradually develops towards the upper leaves, which lasts for about 7 days. Began to fall off, the yield decreased. Molybdenum, a trace element of molybdenum, is an important component of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase. It is mainly involved in biological nitrogen fixation and promotes the metabolism of nitrogen and phosphorus in the plant body.
20, pumpkin
The absorption and absorption ratio of nutrients varied during different growth stages of pumpkins. Seedlings require less fertilizer, entering the period of fruit enlargement is the period of the largest amount of fertilizer, especially the absorption of nitrogen increased dramatically, potassium has a similar trend, phosphorus absorption increased less.
According to a study by Miyazaki, Japan, the absorption of five elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) was slowly increased in the first 1/3 of the 137 days from the time of planting to pulling a pod, and the middle 1/3 The time has grown rapidly, with the most significant increase in the last 1/3 of the time. The absorption of most of the five elements of the whole period was the most potassium and nitrogen, calcium was the middle, and magnesium and phosphorus were the least.
The increase in production is in full agreement with the general trend of the absorption of the five elements, and it is also a rapid increase in the last 1/3 of the time. The production of 1,000 kilograms of pumpkins requires absorption of nitrogen (N) 3.5 - 5.5 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 1.5 - 2.2 kg, and potassium (K2O) 5.3 - 7.29 kg. Pumpkins respond well to manures and composts and other organic fertilizers
21, cherry
The cherries are concentrated in the first half of the growing season from leaf development, leafing, flowering and fruit development to maturity. It takes only about 45 days from flowering to fruit maturation, and flower bud differentiation is 1-2 after fruit harvesting. Basically completed in the month, so the cherry has the characteristics of rapid growth and need to concentrate. During the year from the leaf development period to the maturity of the fruit, a large amount of fertilizer is required. After the fruit is harvested, the amount of fertilizer is required to be the next highest in the flower bud differentiation period. The remaining amount of fertilizer is less. In the production, we must grasp the pre-winter, flowering and post-harvest fertilization. This is an important measure to increase production and improve quality.
22. Sweet potato
The underground roots of sweet potatoes are economic products. According to the research, each producing 1,000 kg of fresh potatoes requires nitrogen (N) 4.9-5.0 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 1.3-2.0 kg, and potassium (K2O) 10.5-12.0 kg. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is approximately 1:0.3:2.1. The demand for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in sweet potato is the highest in its life, with potassium being the most, nitrogen being the second, and phosphorus being less. The trend of absorbing water and nutrients from the soil is generally the same. There were significant differences in the amounts and rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorption during different growth stages of sweet potato.
Absorption of nitrogen in the early and middle stages of growth is fast and requires large amounts. It is mainly used for the growth of stems and leaves, and the absorption and utilization of nitrogen reaches the peak during the production of stems and leaves, and the stems and leaves decline in later stages, and the tubers rapidly expand. The absorption rate of nitrogen is slowed down and the demand is reduced. With the absorption and utilization of phosphorus, with the growth of stems and leaves, the absorption gradually increases, and the absorption and utilization reaches the peak during the expansion of the tuber; the absorption and utilization of potassium are from Starting to grow to harvest higher than nitrogen and phosphorus.
With the growth of leaf vines, the amount of absorbed potassium gradually increases, and the above ground gradually grows slowly, its leaf area coefficient begins to decline, and the weight of stems and leaves gradually decreases. In the rapid expansion of tubers, it is particularly necessary to absorb large amounts of potassium. Sweet potato needs The general trend of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is rapid absorption in the early and middle periods and slow in the later period.
Although the absorption of essential trace elements in sweet potatoes is very small during a lifetime, if the soil is lacking, normal growth will be seriously affected. The effective zinc content in the soil is below 0.5mg/kg. The sweet potato leaf is light in color, the leaves are small, the branches are few, the drought resistance ability is reduced, etc.; or when the leaf magnesium content is lower than 0.05%, the leaflets turn upward and the old leaf vein turns yellow Such as magnesium deficiency. Therefore, production must also pay close attention to the dynamic changes in the content of trace elements in soil. If it is lacking, it must be supplemented in a timely manner.
23. Grapes
Although the grape is a vine fruit tree, but the root system is developed, there are many leaves, strong polarity, strong growth, high yield and long life. It needs fertilizer properties,
The first is the need for more elements. According to tests and production verification, the essential elements are 16 species such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, and chlorine. Or deficiency, it will affect the normal physiological activities, other elements can not be replaced, only the elements of the topdressing can be corrected, otherwise it will lead to physical disorders caused by deficiency of the disease.
The second is a large amount of fertilizer. According to the test, for every 100 kilograms of fruit produced, 300 grams of pure nitrogen, 150 grams of pure phosphorus, and 360 grams of pure potassium are required, together with the nutrients and losses required for the growth of the following vines, shoots, and leaves, and a high yield of 2,000 kilograms at 667 square meters. Park, each year 667 square meters need to apply pure nitrogen 12.5 - 15.0 kg, pure phosphorus 10 - 12.5 kg, pure potassium 10.0 - 15.0 kg. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is approximately 10:5:12.
The third is the need for large amounts of potassium. Grapes are the famous “potassium plants.†The entire growing season requires a large amount of potassium, which requires the highest number of three elements. Such as lack or deficiency of potassium, leaves can not produce starch and fatty acids, increase in nitrate nitrogen, leaves are small and small, leaf margins are charred, new shoots are reduced, fruit stems are brown, fruit particles are atrophic or cracked, coloring is poor, sugar is low taste acid Poor quality, poor resistance to cold and drought.
The fourth is that each growth and development stage in a year is different, and the required elements and quantities are the same. From germination, flowering to the early fruit stage, the requirement for nitrogen was the highest, accounting for approximately 64.5% of the annual demand. Phosphorus absorption increased gradually with the growth of leaves, flowering and fruit setting and fruit increase, and peaked at the peak of new shoot growth and fruit enlargement.
Although the absorption of potassium starts from the leaves, the amount of potassium is required to maximize the fruit's coloration to the coloring period. In this period, if the potassium is insufficient, the color of the fruit will be low in taste and sugar, and even if it is severe, it will not mature.
24, cotton
Normal growth and development of cotton through the seedling stage, bud stage, flowering stage, boll opening stage and other stages, generally 100 kg of lint per 667 square meters of nitrogen need to absorb 7-8 kg, phosphorus 4-6 kg, potassium 7-15 kilogram;
200 kg of lint per 667 m 2 need to absorb 20-35 kg of nitrogen, 7-12 kg of phosphorus, and 25-35 kg of potassium.
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