Biogas fertilizer is a very useful fertilizer. It has an indispensable effect on the growth and development of crops. Therefore, many places in rural areas promote the use of biogas as a link to “pig – marsh – vegetableâ€. , fish, rice, flowers) "ecological model, so that livestock and poultry farming, crop planting and energy comprehensive utilization form an ecological chain to achieve a virtuous cycle of agriculture.
1 The main components and functions of biogas fertilizer
The biogas fertilizer has a complete nutrient content, and is rich in essential elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as trace elements such as boron, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, strontium and barium. It is a high-quality and high-quality organic fertilizer. The biogas fertilizer is divided into biogas slurry and biogas residue. The biogas slurry contains various amino acids, proteins, vitamins, auxins, erythromycin primary sugars, nucleic acids, etc., and antibiotics required for plant growth. As a high-quality organic liquid fertilizer, biogas slurry is suitable for root application. Its nutrients can be directly absorbed by crops and involved in photosynthesis, thereby increasing yield and improving quality. The biogas slurry contains butyric acid in organic acids and indole acetic acid and vitamin B12 in plant hormones, which have obvious inhibitory effects on pathogens. Ammonia and ammonium salts in biogas slurry and certain antibiotics have direct effects on pests of fruit trees. The biogas slurry has high soluble nutrient content, various nutrients are complete, and is easily absorbed by fruit trees, which is suitable for foliar application.
In addition, the spraying of biogas slurry on the foliage of plants has a good control effect on some pests and diseases, reducing the pollution of chemical pesticides, and is conducive to the production of truly pollution-free agricultural products. Biogas residue is formed under anaerobic conditions, and nutrient content remains intact compared to conventional compost. The biogas residue is mainly composed of three different parts, which play three different roles: one is organic matter, humic acid; the other is element of NPK; the third is undecomposed raw material. The rich organic matter and high humic acid in the biogas residue play an important role in improving the soil. It is suitable for use as a base fertilizer and top dressing. Long-term use can loosen the soil, enhance the fertility, and improve the use of chemical fertilizers for many years. Soil compaction. After the unripe raw materials in the biogas residue are applied to the orchard, they continue to ferment in the underground to release the fertilizer, which has the dual effects of quick action and slow action. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements can meet the needs of the fruit trees in the growth process.
The application of biogas fertilizer can not only improve the quality of flower bud differentiation of fruit trees, but also make the fruit trees more uniform, the leaves are green, the trees are strong, the fruit gloss is more full and uniform, the sugar content of the fruit is increased, and the sugar-acid ratio of the fruit is increased. It kills a large number of eggs and most of the bacteria in vegetables, improves the ability of vegetables to resist pests and diseases, and at the same time has the advantages of no residue, no pollution, no drug resistance, etc. It is an ideal fertilizer for the pollution-free production of fruits and vegetables.
2 Application of biogas fertilizer on vegetables
The application of biogas fertilizer on vegetables can not only improve the ability of vegetables to resist pests and diseases, but also reduce the cost of pesticides and fertilizers and promote the growth of vegetables. According to the results of the agricultural product quality and safety testing station of lead mountain county in Jiangxi Province, the results of testing the vegetables planted with biogas fertilizer in Lead Mountain County showed that the qualified rate was over 95%. Therefore, the application of biogas fertilizer is an effective way to produce pollution-free vegetables.
2.1 Biogas residue as base fertilizer
When the biogas residue is used as the vegetable base fertilizer, the dosage should be 1500~3000kg/667m, and according to the different vegetable varieties, the strips or holes should be applied on the vegetables, or when the vegetables are tilled. For example, when using large-point and large-fertilizer planting methods on melons and vegetables, the amount of biogas fertilizer is generally 3000kg/667m, and 100kg of grass ash and appropriate amount of calcium fertilizer (such as about 25kg of superphosphate) are evenly mixed, and a small amount of life is added. Rubbish. Mix it, sprinkle it into the hole and lay a layer of garden soil with a thickness of 5~10cm. After planting, water it in time and cover with a layer of straw or straw.
2.2 Biogas slurry for soil topdressing
When the biogas slurry is used as soil top dressing, it should first ditch or dig a hole on the side of the crop. After fertilization, cover it with soil in time, and the fertilizer application amount should be 1500~3000kg/667m.
2.3 Biogas slurry for foliar topdressing
When the biogas slurry is used for foliar topdressing, it can be sprayed or drenched at any time, and the fertilizer application amount should be 1500~3000kg/667m. The fertilization time is the same as the traditional application time, and it is better to choose morning or evening with lower temperature and light intensity. High temperatures and glare conditions can cause loss of fertility and burns on the roots and leaves of plants. The biogas slurry is usually turbid, and it is easy to block the nozzle when spraying. The biogas slurry should be filtered before the liquid is filled. The spraying amount should adopt the principle of spraying without overflowing, that is, evenly covering the foliage, but do not spray too much to cause fertilizer loss. In addition, the spraying time should avoid rain or the weather that is about to rain. If there is rain weather within 24 hours after spraying, it should be refilled in time. Generally, it is not advisable to spray medicine one week before the vegetable market to ensure the safety of vegetables.
3 Application of biogas fertilizer on fruit trees
The role of biogas fertilizer in fruit trees is mainly reflected in:
(1) Increase the photosynthesis of the tree.
(2) Improve the ability of fruit trees to resist pests and diseases.
(3) Enhance the cold and frost resistance of fruit trees.
(4) Improve soil and change soil structure. Generally, in the production of fruit trees, the biogas slurry is used as a foliar top dressing and a root top dressing, and the biogas residue is used as a fruit tree bottom fertilizer and a winter base fertilizer.
3.1 The application of biogas fertilizer
3.1.1 Root dressing of biogas slurry.
When the biogas slurry is used as the root dressing of the fruit tree, the actual situation of the tree body should be combined with different seasons and tree ages to adopt different fertilization methods. Generally, the application of biogas fertilizer in young trees should be ditched or expanded. It should be mainly ring-shaped trenching and should not be too deep. Generally, it is mainly 0.1~0.3m deep and 0.2~0.3m wide. Cover with soil in time after fertilization. For the tree that has begun to bear fruit, a ditch-like ditching method is adopted. The depth and width of the ditch are slightly larger than that of the young tree. This ditching method can also be adopted in the flower bud differentiation period, flowering period and fruit expansion period of the fruit tree. The fertilization time starts from 10 days before the sprouting of the fruit trees, and is carried out by using 60% of the biogas slurry, and the amount of each plant is 2~3kg; or the application is carried out by dry coating (the pure biogas slurry is allowed to stand before the coating is dried 2~ 3d), the dry height of the coating is generally 1.2~1.5m, and evenly applied until the biogas slurry is flowing. This fertilization method can increase the germination rate of the fruit tree by 2%~3%. Thereafter, the biogas slurry fertilizer was poured once every 15 to 30 days.
3.1.2 Root dressing of biogas residue.
The root of the biogas residue is applied by topdressing, and the ditching method is consistent with the topdressing of the biogas slurry. The amount of fertilizer applied is: 5~10 kg/plant of +1~2kg of urea for young trees, and about 50 kg/plant+5kg of urea for mature trees ( Adjust the dosage according to the actual situation of the tree. If the tree is weak, increase the dosage as appropriate.
3.1.3 Foliar topdressing of biogas slurry.
The biogas slurry can be used as a foliar top dressing before and after each growth period of the fruit tree.
The biogas slurry used for foliar topdressing should have the following three conditions:
(1) The biogas slurry is taken from the biogas tank discharge room of normal gas production for more than 3 months.
(2) The biogas slurry should be clarified and filtered and allowed to stand for 2 to 3 days.
(3) The concentration is controlled at 50%~60% (the ratio of the biogas slurry to the clear water 1..1 is used to adjust the concentration according to the season, tree age and temperature).
The biogas slurry fertilizer is combined with pesticides and fertilizers during the fertilization process, and is reasonably distributed. Spraying is focused on the back spray.
(1) Preserved flower and fruit fertilizer. Before the flowering period and the physiological fruit drop period, the biogas slurry foliar fertilizer was sprayed once. According to the different conditions of the tree, different fertilizers are added. For example, the weak tree is added with 0.15% to 0.2% urea in the proportion of diluted biogas slurry foliar fertilizer 1..1; 0.2% to 0.5% phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is added to the young and less-grown trees to promote the second half. The formation of flower buds. At the same time, 5~10mg/kg of naphthaleneacetic acid (2, 4-D) should be added at the same time. The general fruit setting rate can be increased by 5%~10%; the tree with more fruit can be added 0.05%~0.1%. The urea is mixed and sprayed.
(2) Flower bud differentiation period and fruit expansion period fertilizer. The early July is the critical period of flower bud differentiation and fruit expansion period. Fertilization is the key point to improve fruit yield and quality during this period. The demand for fertilizer and water is large. The amount of fertilizer applied to biogas slurry is usually 100kg/667m+0.15. % urea + 0.03% potassium dihydrogen sulfate. (3) Prevention and control of fruit tree pests and diseases. Every year from March to May, the high-explosion stage of pests should be selected. After the high temperature afternoon, the biogas slurry should be taken out and filtered with gauze (the filtered biogas slurry should not be placed for more than 1 hour), and then sprayed on the fruit trees. Shi. If a little pesticide or washing powder is added, the effect is better, especially in the control effect of spider mites and tree shrews, the pests can be reduced by more than 50% within 48 hours.
(4) The biogas slurry is protected against freezing damage. After picking the fruit, the bio-liquid spraying is carried out in combination with the winter clearing garden. After that, it is sprayed three times at intervals of about 1 week. It is also possible to apply biogas slurry top dressing at the root, which is more effective.
3.2 Biogas fertilizer used as fruit tree base fertilizer and winter base fertilizer
3.2.1 Application of biogas residue.
The biogas residue is used as a base fertilizer for fruit trees and different fertilization amounts should be adopted in combination with different conditions of the tree. If the growth is poor, the weak, and the amount of fruit is small, it should be re-applied; on the contrary, the growth is good, strong, and excessive. Generally, in the first ten days of November, the biogas residue, straw, cake fertilizer, and soil are mixed and decomposed, and then layered into the canopy drip line fertilization ditch. The saplings are fertilized in combination with the expansion of the acupoints. The canopy drip line is outwardly ring-shaped. The depth of the ditch is 0.1~0.35m, and the width is 0.2~0.3m. The plant is applied with 5~10kg of biogas residue. After that, every year, the hole is fertilized and the ditch is opened outward, and the root absorption range is increased to make the fertilizer effect complete. The mature tree plant is applied with 50kg of biogas residue and 0.5kg of potassium dihydrogen sulfate. It is grooved on both sides of the canopy (or divergent ditches), and the plants are separated by trenching again, and the soil is covered after fertilization. The groove depth is 0.2~0.4 m and the width is 0.3~0.4m. Be careful not to damage the root system when ditching.
3.2.2 Application of biogas slurry. The quick-acting nutrient content in the biogas slurry is high, and is generally used for foliar fertilization and root topdressing. When the biogas slurry is used as the base fertilizer, it is necessary to mix it with soil or farmyard fertilizer. According to the actual situation of the tree body, the amount of fertilizer application is determined. For example, the young plant is usually planted with 2~10kg of biogas slurry, 50~100kg of mature tree, and covered in time.
In recent years, biogas fertilizer is a renewable resource produced in the process of biogas production, and is a key factor in the growth process of vegetables and fruit trees. Farmers are paying more and more attention to the effects of biogas fertilizer on fruits and vegetables. Xiaobian is the application technology of the biogas fertilizer in the production of fruits and vegetables. Do you understand it? Need to master the application technology of biogas fertilizer, or learn more from experienced people.
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