Tilapia is a tropical fish that is not tolerant to low temperatures. The water temperature for living and growing ranges from 16°C to 40°C, and the optimum temperature is 28°C to 32°C. When the water temperature drops below 12°C, it will gradually die. Under normal conditions, tilapia winter winter must be adopted when the water temperature drops to 16°C to ensure the smooth wintering of tilapia. There are many wintering methods for tilapia, and depending on the climate and wintering conditions, there are mainly covered winter greenhouses, hot springs, deep wells, waste heat, boiler heating, and electric heating. The key to the wintering of tilapia is to grasp the time of wintering in the pond, disinfection of fish ponds, stocking density, adjustment of water quality and water temperature, feeding and management, and disease prevention and control techniques.
One, before wintering
1, the requirements of overwintering fish
Before wintering, the fattening home will be raised in the special pool for the winter to catch the fish in the month before it is overwintering. It will be strengthened and cultivated to promote the growth of its body, strengthen the ability to withstand cold in winter and make it gradually adapt to the living environment during the winter, and will be partially weak or Injured fish were eliminated in advance.
The selection of the overwintering fish shall be selected from the fish seedlings cultivated in the special pool for autumn seedlings. The overwintering fingerlings shall be 5 to 6 cm in length, and the utilization of the wintering ponds shall be reduced as a result of the general meeting. The fish species that are too small will be overwintering. In the process, poor adaptability, low survival rate, and the phenomenon of varying sizes of overwinter seedlings in the same pond occur. The wintering time of common seedlings requires that the specifications should be neat when entering the pond. Tilapia breeds several times a year. The specifications of the fish when the fish enters the pool are uneven, and it is inevitable that they will appear to be small bullies, and stunted or even die.
Therefore, when the fish species enter the pool, they must be screened, and enter the pool according to the size and size, so as to manage and increase the survival rate. The selected fish species should also be selected as individuals with robust physique, no injury, no disease, smooth surface, and no frostbite.
When choosing to stay, the operation must be light and meticulous, so as not to damage the fish body, and to enter the pool immediately upon selection. The fish species should not be concentrated in the pool for a long time during grading and screening. Generally, two hours after suspending water in the net pool, the fish should be divided into sieves and counted into the pond. The longest time should not exceed five hours, and it is even more unfavorable. Density of long-distance transportation, otherwise it will cause severe fish injuries, resulting in low survival rate overwintering.
2. Preparation of wintering facilities
According to different wintering methods, the equipment for heating, aeration, and effluent during wintering should be ready before winter, such as heaters, boilers, temperature controllers, water pumps, aerators, and so on. The equipment is in good repair. When a farmer conducts a small area over the winter, one to two 3 kilowatt electric heaters should be used for every 30 cubic meters of water. The fish ponds, pipes, and channels must be treated with quicklime, bleach, or other disinfectant before the winter, which is the same as the treatment of pond culture fish.
3, disinfection of fish before winter
During the winter, the broodstock and fingerlings have different degrees of damage during transportation and operation. The fish should be disinfected before entering the pool. You can use 2% to 3% salt solution (without iodine) to soak the fish for 5 to 10 minutes. The dipping time depends on the degree of tolerance of the fish. After all the fish have been put into the pond, 0.3 mg/L chlorine dioxide can be used to disinfect the whole pond to prevent disease. Within one week after entering the pond, it is necessary to pay close attention to the activities of the fish species in the pond, especially if the wounds of fish fingerlings operated at low water temperatures are infected, and take corresponding measures in time. A week after entering the pond, the fish species were basically stable and entered the wintering period.
Second, the time of wintering fish into the pool and its precautions
1, into the pool time
The time for the wintering fish to enter the pool should be controlled when the water temperature drops to 18~20°C when entering the wintering pond. The specific pooling time varies with the climate in different places. However, it is necessary to enter the overwintering pool when the water temperature is above 18°C, and it must be completed before the first cold current. If the water temperature is lower than 16°C, the catching fish cannot be used for wintering, because the fish body has frostbite and enters the pond. Will continue to die. Fishing overwintering fish should choose wind and sunny weather, so as to avoid fish frostbite.
2, stocking density
The density of overwintering fish into the pond should be based on the wintering pond environmental conditions, fish size and management level. Temperature-flowing water ponds are lean in water and adequate in dissolved oxygen. Generally, 12 to 20 kg of broodstock can be released per cubic meter of water, or 8 to 12.5 kg of fish can be released; hydrostatic ponds can be used to store 5 to 7.5 kg of broodstock per cubic meter of water. 3.5 to 5 kilograms of fingerlings; static water tanks, which can change water regularly, 2.5 to 4 kilograms of broodstock or 2 to 3 kilograms of fish can be placed per cubic meter of water.
Third, the management points during wintering
The wintering period of tilapia is relatively long. During the whole winter period, special personnel are responsible for the management of water temperature, water quality regulation, rational feeding, and prevention and treatment of fish diseases.
1, the water temperature control
The overwintering fish can control the water temperature at 20 ~ 25 °C within 10 days after entering the pool, which is beneficial to the healing of light wounds, inhibiting the occurrence of watery mildew, and increasing the survival rate of overwintering. After the situation is basically stable, the water temperature is required to be maintained above 16°C throughout the winter, and the general water temperature is controlled between 18 and 20°C. Should prevent sudden changes in water temperature, but also should prevent the water temperature below the lethal temperature, nor long-term control at 20 °C above, long-term high temperature is not conducive to winter management, but also increase feed input, because the water temperature is higher, the fish's vitality Stronger, more physical exertion, a corresponding increase in food intake, resulting in increased excreta, not only consumes a lot of oxygen in the water, but also produce a variety of substances that are detrimental to fish.
One, before wintering
1, the requirements of overwintering fish
Before wintering, the fattening home will be raised in the special pool for the winter to catch the fish in the month before it is overwintering. It will be strengthened and cultivated to promote the growth of its body, strengthen the ability to withstand cold in winter and make it gradually adapt to the living environment during the winter, and will be partially weak or Injured fish were eliminated in advance.
The selection of the overwintering fish shall be selected from the fish seedlings cultivated in the special pool for autumn seedlings. The overwintering fingerlings shall be 5 to 6 cm in length, and the utilization of the wintering ponds shall be reduced as a result of the general meeting. The fish species that are too small will be overwintering. In the process, poor adaptability, low survival rate, and the phenomenon of varying sizes of overwinter seedlings in the same pond occur. The wintering time of common seedlings requires that the specifications should be neat when entering the pond. Tilapia breeds several times a year. The specifications of the fish when the fish enters the pool are uneven, and it is inevitable that they will appear to be small bullies, and stunted or even die.
Therefore, when the fish species enter the pool, they must be screened, and enter the pool according to the size and size, so as to manage and increase the survival rate. The selected fish species should also be selected as individuals with robust physique, no injury, no disease, smooth surface, and no frostbite.
When choosing to stay, the operation must be light and meticulous, so as not to damage the fish body, and to enter the pool immediately upon selection. The fish species should not be concentrated in the pool for a long time during grading and screening. Generally, two hours after suspending water in the net pool, the fish should be divided into sieves and counted into the pond. The longest time should not exceed five hours, and it is even more unfavorable. Density of long-distance transportation, otherwise it will cause severe fish injuries, resulting in low survival rate overwintering.
2. Preparation of wintering facilities
According to different wintering methods, the equipment for heating, aeration, and effluent during wintering should be ready before winter, such as heaters, boilers, temperature controllers, water pumps, aerators, and so on. The equipment is in good repair. When a farmer conducts a small area over the winter, one to two 3 kilowatt electric heaters should be used for every 30 cubic meters of water. The fish ponds, pipes, and channels must be treated with quicklime, bleach, or other disinfectant before the winter, which is the same as the treatment of pond culture fish.
3, disinfection of fish before winter
During the winter, the broodstock and fingerlings have different degrees of damage during transportation and operation. The fish should be disinfected before entering the pool. You can use 2% to 3% salt solution (without iodine) to soak the fish for 5 to 10 minutes. The dipping time depends on the degree of tolerance of the fish. After all the fish have been put into the pond, 0.3 mg/L chlorine dioxide can be used to disinfect the whole pond to prevent disease. Within one week after entering the pond, it is necessary to pay close attention to the activities of the fish species in the pond, especially if the wounds of fish fingerlings operated at low water temperatures are infected, and take corresponding measures in time. A week after entering the pond, the fish species were basically stable and entered the wintering period.
Second, the time of wintering fish into the pool and its precautions
1, into the pool time
The time for the wintering fish to enter the pool should be controlled when the water temperature drops to 18~20°C when entering the wintering pond. The specific pooling time varies with the climate in different places. However, it is necessary to enter the overwintering pool when the water temperature is above 18°C, and it must be completed before the first cold current. If the water temperature is lower than 16°C, the catching fish cannot be used for wintering, because the fish body has frostbite and enters the pond. Will continue to die. Fishing overwintering fish should choose wind and sunny weather, so as to avoid fish frostbite.
2, stocking density
The density of overwintering fish into the pond should be based on the wintering pond environmental conditions, fish size and management level. Temperature-flowing water ponds are lean in water and adequate in dissolved oxygen. Generally, 12 to 20 kg of broodstock can be released per cubic meter of water, or 8 to 12.5 kg of fish can be released; hydrostatic ponds can be used to store 5 to 7.5 kg of broodstock per cubic meter of water. 3.5 to 5 kilograms of fingerlings; static water tanks, which can change water regularly, 2.5 to 4 kilograms of broodstock or 2 to 3 kilograms of fish can be placed per cubic meter of water.
Third, the management points during wintering
The wintering period of tilapia is relatively long. During the whole winter period, special personnel are responsible for the management of water temperature, water quality regulation, rational feeding, and prevention and treatment of fish diseases.
1, the water temperature control
The overwintering fish can control the water temperature at 20 ~ 25 °C within 10 days after entering the pool, which is beneficial to the healing of light wounds, inhibiting the occurrence of watery mildew, and increasing the survival rate of overwintering. After the situation is basically stable, the water temperature is required to be maintained above 16°C throughout the winter, and the general water temperature is controlled between 18 and 20°C. Should prevent sudden changes in water temperature, but also should prevent the water temperature below the lethal temperature, nor long-term control at 20 °C above, long-term high temperature is not conducive to winter management, but also increase feed input, because the water temperature is higher, the fish's vitality Stronger, more physical exertion, a corresponding increase in food intake, resulting in increased excreta, not only consumes a lot of oxygen in the water, but also produce a variety of substances that are detrimental to fish.
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This classification is for the sweet corn (vegetable).
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