Baoli small pumpkin is one of the new varieties of early-maturing western pumpkin. It has the advantages of strong disease resistance, low temperature resistance, storage and transportation, and easy cultivation. Therefore, the beautiful shape, excellent variety and chestnut-like fragrance are deeply affected. Consumers are welcome.
Baoli small pumpkin has the advantages of strong disease resistance, low temperature resistance, storage and transportation, and easy cultivation. It is cultivated in Shandong, Yunnan, South China and Northeast China. Different cultivation methods are also different in different climatic conditions. Let's talk about the standardized cultivation techniques of Baoli small pumpkin.
1. Variety characteristics
Baoli small pumpkin has the characteristics of strong growth and wide adaptability; the growth habit of this variety is green, the main vine is green, the main vine is medium, the heart is pentagonal, the leaf is green, the leaf margin is serrated, and the leaf edge is shallow. There are no white spots on the leaves, less thorns on the back of the leaves, and the first melons are 10-14 knots. The green melon skin is green, the melon melon is patchy, the tender melon is light green, and the melon is smooth and the ridge is shallow. No melon knob, melon no wax powder, near guate end concave, melon top concave, melon shape oblate, old melon dark green, flesh-colored orange, fruit outside diameter about 22.5cm, longitudinal diameter about 12.5cm, thick flesh About 3.5cm, the whole growth period is 85-100d, the quality of single melon is 1.0-2.0kg, the fruit is 5-9 per plant, and the yield can reach 2500kg/667m2; the melon meat is fine, sweet and delicious, and there is chestnut fragrance after steaming; Extremely resistant to storage, suitable for long-distance transportation.
2, nursery management
2.1 sowing date
The sowing time of Baoli small pumpkins varies considerably according to different regions. Considering its economical, market demand, storage and transportation factors, it is better to cultivate in the cool and dry season. Hebei planted seedlings in early March, planting springs in Shandong and surrounding areas in early spring, and seedlings in autumn in the autumn before 10 days; Hainan planted seedlings from late September to early October; spring cultivation in Guangdong is recommended in mid-March. In the autumn, it can be broadcast live at the end of September. If it is cultivated, it can be planted from October to January.
2.2 Seedling soil preparation
Take the field topsoil, fully decomposed farmyard manure and plant ash, mix in a ratio of 3:3:1 for seedling soil, add a bag of carbendazim or dixon pine soil for each 50kg of seedling soil for soil disinfection, add water to make soil moisture About 75%, with 32-hole seedling trays or 10 cm × 15 cm seedlings, you can also buy seedlings for seedlings.
2.3 soaking seeds
Take the seeds and put them into hot water at 50 °C and stir them until they are soaked for 12 hours at room temperature. Wash them with water, then continue to soak for 12 hours, then remove them for washing. During the 4 hours, you can change the water to sow. You can also use 0.2% potassium permanganate. Soak the solution for 30 minutes, then soak it in water for 24 hours, then take it out and wash it.
2.4 cultivate strong seedlings
The optimum temperature for emergence is 25-30 °C, and the seedlings can be broken after 2-3 days of sowing. Maintaining the temperature difference between day and night at 8-10 °C is conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings. In the northern area, the nursery can cover the mat to prevent cold when the temperature is low. When the temperature is high, the membrane should be ventilated and cooled in time. In order to avoid the long-term growth of the melon, the temperature control at night is very important. Maintaining proper temperature after sowing can promote emergence and maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse. At about 28 °C, about 75% of the seedlings are unearthed, and the temperature in the shed is kept at about 20 °C. Keep the ventilation to prevent the humidity in the shed from being too high. Infected bacteria and long-length; spraying the plant inducer 1000 times once, can also effectively control the melon seedlings. excessive growth. When the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, they can be colonized, and the hypocotyls are short and thick, the cotyledons are large and straight, the leaves are well stretched, the stout is not long, the roots are less developed, and the seedlings are not aging. After the true leaves grow, depending on the growth of the seedlings, 0.1% ternary compound fertilizer plus 500 times of life source fulvic acid water fertilizer can be used once, and it can be combined with 800 times of the fertilization water to prevent the seedling stage. 5 days before transplanting, it is necessary to ventilate the seedlings, and use 0.2% ternary compound fertilizer plus 500 times of life source fulvic acid water to fertilize the seedlings once to increase the root activity; the root regeneration of Baoli small pumpkin is slightly poor, and the seedling stage should be planted. Try not to damage the root system. The seedlings should be 2-3d before planting to improve the resistance of the seedlings. After planting, the seedlings should be poured in time, or the grounding water can be poured after the rooting water is poured.
2.5 turf
The melon garden should choose land with deep and loose soil, fertile and transparent, good physical properties and normal irrigation and drainage. It should be used for 2a or more rotations. When preparing for ploughing, level the plot, ditch the drainage to build a drainage system, open the drainage ditch 50cm deep, 30cm wide, and adopt double-row planting.
2.6 Colonization
Combined with the land preparation, fully decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer 1000kg/667m2, with 25kg/667m2 phosphate fertilizer, and melon special compound fertilizer 50kg/667m2 as base fertilizer. When the seedling age is 25-30d, the plant height can be fixed by 20cm. The planting of double vines is carried out in two rows. The ridge width is 4m, the plant spacing is 60-70 cm, the row spacing is 130 cm, the planting is 600-700 plants/667m2, and the planting density is 800. Plant / 667m2, this method requires more elaborate cultivation management, and the rooting water should be poured when planting.
3. Field management
3.1 Pruning
Baoli small pumpkin can be used for the main vine and the side vine. Each plant keeps 2-3 seeds and promotes the seedlings. It can sit at least 2 fruits. The thicker the vines, the bigger the cucurbits. Press one side of each vine to 2-3 places, so that it produces an adventitious root to increase nutrient absorption, do not hold the female flower. There are two kinds of pruning methods: one is to keep the main vines, and one of the vines with the same or the strongest growth is selected at the base, and the other vines are removed by 20cm. The harvesting period can be several days in advance, and the young melons are stable. 2 vines can be topped; second, when the seedlings have 5 true leaves, the main vines are topped, and when the vines are grown to 10-15 cm, two vines of the same length are selected. Parallel growth allows two vines to sit at the same time, and each vine can produce more than two results. According to the planting situation in recent years, it is found that the small chestnut pumpkin is mainly planted with double vines. After the vine grows out for 5 knots, it can be pressed with soil and pressed once every 5 knots.
3.2 stay melon
Baoli small pumpkin generally grows 8-10 large leaves, and the first flower is opened when the vine grows to 60-80cm, but this is not a good time to set fruit. The main reason is that the accumulation of growth nutrients is insufficient. Easy to turn melon or the first melon is small. Baoli small pumpkin is an infinite inflorescence, that is, as long as the nutrition is sufficient, the fruit can be continuously placed, so the plant spacing is too small to promote the growth of the seedlings, so that the first flower sitting melon can be automated, leaving the second melon directly; Sufficient space for the pumpkin to sit on the second and third melons; it is observed that the length of the squash of the chestnut pumpkin can be 2-3 melons within 3m, leaving 4m of row spacing to provide enough space for its growth. Making full use of the land has increased production. Open field cultivation generally does not require artificial pollination. In case of continuous rainy weather, artificial pollination or bee-assisted pollination is required to increase the fruit setting rate. Facility cultivation requires better pollination during the sunny days between 8-10 am.
3.3 Water and fertilizer management
During the growth period of Baoli small pumpkin, attention should be paid to balanced fertilization. The demand ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be 3:2:5, and the base fertilizer should be applied again. In the seedling stage, the application of nitrogen-fermented ternary compound fertilizer 55kg/667m2 water fertilizer to promote strong seedlings, but the early stage nitrogen fertilizer is not easy to apply too much to avoid the lengthening, while the application of a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the seedling stage can reduce the tiller growth of the lateral branches; Applying heavy fertilizer to promote high-yield and high-quality, the main application of low-nitrogen and high-phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 5-8kg/667m2, and the application of life-sourced fulvic acid water-soluble fertilizer 5kg/667m2, which has the effect of promoting flower growth; The melon and fruit expansion period mainly uses high-nitrogen, high-potassium and low-phosphorus compound fertilizer 6-10kg/667m2, which can promote the rapid growth of melon, and increase the application of humic acid fulvic acid water-soluble fertilizer 10kg/667m2; 5kg/667m2 is good for improving the quality of melon. In the seedling stage and the vine-growing period, spraying the trace elements such as zinc on the foliar surface is beneficial to improve the disease resistance. After the flower buds, the foliar application of boron and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied to promote the flower and flower protection. Applying trace elements and amino acid foliar fertilizer is beneficial to preserve the leaf and preserve fruit. The specific amount of fertilizer used depends on the growth status of the seedlings and the production cost.
4. Management of pests and diseases
The prevention and control of pests and diseases should follow the principle of “prevention-based comprehensive prevention and control†and adhere to the principle of agricultural prevention, physical control, biological control, supplemented by chemical control.
4.1 Pests
The main pests of Baoli small pumpkin are yellow squash, cabbage caterpillar, Spodoptera litura, aphids, thrips, whitefly, leaf miner, cockroach and other pests. The main pests in the seedling stage and the vine-growing stage of pumpkin are Huangshou melon, cabbage caterpillar and Spodoptera litura. The aphids start from the vine stage, and the thrips and white meal are mainly harmed from the melon stage. The cotyledons begin to harm the leaves, and the aphids, thrips, and white powder pass the virus disease very quickly. All of these pests seriously endanger the growth of pumpkins; therefore, prevention and control of pests requires prevention and prevention in advance, and stops in time before they burst. The planting of thrips and whitefly in North China generally reaches the high-risk period in winter and early year of the year; aphids, spotted flies, and whitefly can be trapped by yellow plates, thrips are trapped with blue plates, and aphids can be used in the early stage of chemical control of aphids and thrips. It can be controlled by sputum or phlegm spray, and can be applied with thiamethoxam and spinosyn in the later stage. The larvae can be controlled by flubenzuron or chlorfenapyr. The whitefly can be controlled by rutin or imidacloprid, and sprayed every 7 days. Secondly, it is better to add 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate when chemical control. Pay attention to spray back and leaf surface when spraying; underground pest control such as earthworm and ground tiger can be combined with prevention and control of root nematode before planting.
4.2 Diseases
The main disease of Baoli small pumpkin is wireworm, downy mildew, powdery mildew, gray mold, virus disease, and blight. The nematode acts on the seedling stage to start the hazard. The stagnation disease and the blight disease occur in the seedling stage. The downy mildew mainly occurs in the seedling stage and the vine stage. The powdery mildew mainly occurs in the sitting stage, and the viral disease occurs throughout the growth period. The control of nematodes begins at the time of applying the base fertilizer, and the pre-emergence application (10% thiazophos or avermectin granules) is used to kill nematodes, and can also be incorporated into the appropriate amount of decomposed oil tea cake sputum liquid combined with Lufuda to control nematodes; In the early stage of the onset of blight, Puling spray or rooting, downy mildew is prevented from reaching the fruit setting period at the seedling stage, mainly using thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, nail-cream manganese-zinc, enoyl-maline, etc.; powdery mildew It is necessary to prevent and harvest from the fruit setting period. The main drugs are sulfur suspending agent and difenoconazole. If it is not caused by powdery mildew, it can be controlled with sulfur suspending agent. Hydrogen sulfide can also be used in the early stage of the disease. Sodium 600 times liquid spray control, spray 3 times every 5d; gray mold mainly harms flowers and fruits, low temperature and high humidity is easy to occur, the initial stage of the disease can be sprayed with quick kling or gray mold, spray every 8d 2 times, can also be used for prevention and treatment of carbendazim, thiram, etc.; viral diseases need to be prevented from the beginning of the vine, mainly using lentinan, amino oligosaccharide, neomycin, etc., and another plant with viral disease is found Remove from the melon garden; the blight will harm the whole plant of the pumpkin In the early stage of the disease, spray chlorothalonil solution or toxic manganese Zn.
5, timely harvest
Baoli small pumpkin can be harvested 30-40 days after fruit sitting, mainly based on old ripe melon. The ripening sign of the old ripe melon is the longitudinal crack of the fruit stalk. The reticular crack is obvious and the white strip is lignified. The fruit loses its luster skin color. The peel hardens and turns from green to dark green. It is difficult to break into the flesh with sweet nails on sunny days. Fully cooked red chestnut pumpkin contains more dry matter, which is conducive to storage and good quality flavor.
The above is the cultivation technology of Baoli small pumpkin, the content is for reference only. If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
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