1 The construction of solar greenhouse is based on the characteristics of short dormancy period, early sprouting, early flowering, hi sunshine, insensitivity to yin, fear of flooding, and inapplicability to sticky soil, etc. It should be chosen to shelter from the sun, flat terrain, loose and fertile soil, and ventilation drainage. Well, a solar greenhouse is built around loam or sandy soil blocks with no pollution sources. The greenhouse can adopt a single slope steel frameless column structure with a span of 7-8 meters, a ridge height of 3.30 meters and a shed length of no more than 80 meters. The performance should reach a high utilization rate of the space inside the shed and facilitate the operation. The minimum temperature in the shed during the winter is not low. Requirements at 12°C.
2 Selection of seedlings and colonization should be based on well-developed seedlings with full lineage, well-developed shoots, and robust plants. The colonization time should be after soil thawing in spring or autumn after fall, and the colonization density should be 64 plants per mu. Colonization method: can be used for ditching or large-hole planting. The planting hole requires 80-60 cm, 10 kg of smashed straw, 200 kg of farmyard manure, 2 kg of superphosphate, 1 kg of urea, and then layered cover soil to minimize planting. Fertilizers were applied, and immediately after planting, the trees were dried and the trees were covered with mulch.
3 Water Management
3.1 Fertilization After the colonization of early shoots of red oil and peaches, a nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the start of the growth stage, and 10 kg of urea is applied to promote the growth of new shoots. In late May, nitrogen-phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer is applied at 20-30 kg per acre. It is good for flower bud differentiation. From late September to early October, 40 kg of high-quality composted soil-fertilizer, 2 kg of superphosphate, and 0.50 kg of urea were applied to increase storage nutrients and promote the formation of new roots. The following year, as early as the year after the red oil and peach was sitting, the special compound fertilizer for fruit trees was used for 1 kg. After the fruit was harvested, 1000-fold or 0.30% urea plus 0.20% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture was sprayed on the leaf surface to promote flower bud differentiation and increase. Flower bud quality.
3.2 Watering the greenhouse 20-30 days before filling the membrane, fill the water in the tree tray to increase the temperature, reduce the evaporation of water and reduce the air humidity. Each year, water is poured 4 times before flowering, after fruit setting, during fruit expansion, and before wintering, and 2-3 waters can be poured depending on soil conditions and growing conditions of fruit trees to ensure the growth of fruit trees and the need for results.
4 Pruning Prunus persica Apricot tree has stronger apical dominance, more branches, rapid shoot growth, and easy flower bud formation. It is important to cultivate high-yield trees earlier. Three main branches should be used for natural happy shape, and the height should be set to 20 cm. Left and right, three main branches were cultured according to the remaining trees, and large-scale branch groups were directly cultured on the lateral branches. In winter, remove large blocks, dense branches, and large branches on the back, keep them updated and stay short, keep as many flower buds as possible, and promote early results.
During the summer cut, each stem branch has an appropriate new shoot for the extension of the head, and when the erect fruit-tree tip grows to 10 leaves, it picks up the heart, then picks up the heart and wipes off the bud, and gently picks up the heart. The control is prosperous, promoting flower buds full and compact. For the treatment of other prosperous new shoots, Wang shoots can be directly removed from the back, and new shoots can be properly removed. The rest of the shoots can be picked and controlled. On the back of the erect branch or back oblique oblique appetite long branches should be promptly leveled, ease the branching trend, and promote flowering. In the first half of June, 800 mg/kg paclobutrazol was sprayed to control the canopy. In early September, another 1000 mg/kg paclobutrazol was used to control shoot elongation and promote flower bud differentiation. Using the above measures, the 4-year-old tree height was maintained at about 1.50 meters. .
5 Temperature and humidity control The greenhouse was detained in mid-December. After the membrane was seized, the temperature was controlled in stages and the temperature was gradually increased. Within 3 days after the deduction, the vents on both day and night were opened, and the temperature in the daytime was maintained at 11-12°C, with a maximum of 20°C. It should not be lower than 0°C at night and the humidity should be maintained at 70%-80%. After 3 days, the temperature is properly increased. During the day, the ventilation is ventilated. The vents are closed at night and the grass is still not covered. The temperature of the axillaries is kept at 12-15°C, the height is not higher than 24°C, and the temperature is not lower than 3°C at night. After 10 days, increase the temperature, keep the temperature 15-17 °C, the highest 25 °C, at night not less than 5 °C, the night temperature should be low grass cover. After 20 days, keep temperature about 20°C, night temperature about 8°C; flowering temperature during daytime 18-20°C, nighttime 8-10°C, air humidity keeping 50%-60%; young fruit keeping 20-22°C during the day, night temperature 10 °C, after the daytime temperature to maintain 20-25 °C, the maximum does not exceed 28 °C, night 10-12 °C.
6 Flower and Fruit Management
6.1 Preserving the fruits and flowering at 9-10 hours morning, early red oil peaches are pollinated artificially, or bees are placed in greenhouses to pollinate insects. Such as artificial pollination combined with flowering spray 15-20 mg / kg gibberellin, full flower spray 0.30% urea and 0.30 borax, young fruit spray 0.30% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, then to promote fruit set, increase production effect is very obvious .
6.2 Thinning and thinning of fruits During the flowering period, dense flowers are eliminated to remove malformed flowers, diseases and flowers, and late flowers. 3 weeks after flowering in time to thin the fruit, sparsely deformed fruit, pests and fruit. Generally 3-4 long fruit branches and fruit, 2 fruit in middle fruit, and 1 fruit in short fruit branch.
7 Prevention and control of pests and diseases The prevention and control of pests and diseases should be guided by the guiding principle of prevention and comprehensive prevention and control, and should be mainly based on agriculture and physics and biological control, supplemented by chemical control. After the occurrence of pests and diseases, measures should be taken to prevent and cure disease. Where chemical pesticides are required, high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides should be used, and the concentration and spraying times should be strictly used. In the initial stage of the spider mites, the spider mite was sprayed 1500 times with diflubenzuron 3, and the fruitworms and leaf mites were sprayed with 20% extinction emulsion 2000 times, and the effects were very good. In addition, the greenhouse is often cleaned, and leaves, fallen flowers, and fruits are promptly swept out of the shed to reduce the number of pests and diseases, and the occurrence of pests and diseases can also be reduced.
2 Selection of seedlings and colonization should be based on well-developed seedlings with full lineage, well-developed shoots, and robust plants. The colonization time should be after soil thawing in spring or autumn after fall, and the colonization density should be 64 plants per mu. Colonization method: can be used for ditching or large-hole planting. The planting hole requires 80-60 cm, 10 kg of smashed straw, 200 kg of farmyard manure, 2 kg of superphosphate, 1 kg of urea, and then layered cover soil to minimize planting. Fertilizers were applied, and immediately after planting, the trees were dried and the trees were covered with mulch.
3 Water Management
3.1 Fertilization After the colonization of early shoots of red oil and peaches, a nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the start of the growth stage, and 10 kg of urea is applied to promote the growth of new shoots. In late May, nitrogen-phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer is applied at 20-30 kg per acre. It is good for flower bud differentiation. From late September to early October, 40 kg of high-quality composted soil-fertilizer, 2 kg of superphosphate, and 0.50 kg of urea were applied to increase storage nutrients and promote the formation of new roots. The following year, as early as the year after the red oil and peach was sitting, the special compound fertilizer for fruit trees was used for 1 kg. After the fruit was harvested, 1000-fold or 0.30% urea plus 0.20% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture was sprayed on the leaf surface to promote flower bud differentiation and increase. Flower bud quality.
3.2 Watering the greenhouse 20-30 days before filling the membrane, fill the water in the tree tray to increase the temperature, reduce the evaporation of water and reduce the air humidity. Each year, water is poured 4 times before flowering, after fruit setting, during fruit expansion, and before wintering, and 2-3 waters can be poured depending on soil conditions and growing conditions of fruit trees to ensure the growth of fruit trees and the need for results.
4 Pruning Prunus persica Apricot tree has stronger apical dominance, more branches, rapid shoot growth, and easy flower bud formation. It is important to cultivate high-yield trees earlier. Three main branches should be used for natural happy shape, and the height should be set to 20 cm. Left and right, three main branches were cultured according to the remaining trees, and large-scale branch groups were directly cultured on the lateral branches. In winter, remove large blocks, dense branches, and large branches on the back, keep them updated and stay short, keep as many flower buds as possible, and promote early results.
During the summer cut, each stem branch has an appropriate new shoot for the extension of the head, and when the erect fruit-tree tip grows to 10 leaves, it picks up the heart, then picks up the heart and wipes off the bud, and gently picks up the heart. The control is prosperous, promoting flower buds full and compact. For the treatment of other prosperous new shoots, Wang shoots can be directly removed from the back, and new shoots can be properly removed. The rest of the shoots can be picked and controlled. On the back of the erect branch or back oblique oblique appetite long branches should be promptly leveled, ease the branching trend, and promote flowering. In the first half of June, 800 mg/kg paclobutrazol was sprayed to control the canopy. In early September, another 1000 mg/kg paclobutrazol was used to control shoot elongation and promote flower bud differentiation. Using the above measures, the 4-year-old tree height was maintained at about 1.50 meters. .
5 Temperature and humidity control The greenhouse was detained in mid-December. After the membrane was seized, the temperature was controlled in stages and the temperature was gradually increased. Within 3 days after the deduction, the vents on both day and night were opened, and the temperature in the daytime was maintained at 11-12°C, with a maximum of 20°C. It should not be lower than 0°C at night and the humidity should be maintained at 70%-80%. After 3 days, the temperature is properly increased. During the day, the ventilation is ventilated. The vents are closed at night and the grass is still not covered. The temperature of the axillaries is kept at 12-15°C, the height is not higher than 24°C, and the temperature is not lower than 3°C at night. After 10 days, increase the temperature, keep the temperature 15-17 °C, the highest 25 °C, at night not less than 5 °C, the night temperature should be low grass cover. After 20 days, keep temperature about 20°C, night temperature about 8°C; flowering temperature during daytime 18-20°C, nighttime 8-10°C, air humidity keeping 50%-60%; young fruit keeping 20-22°C during the day, night temperature 10 °C, after the daytime temperature to maintain 20-25 °C, the maximum does not exceed 28 °C, night 10-12 °C.
6 Flower and Fruit Management
6.1 Preserving the fruits and flowering at 9-10 hours morning, early red oil peaches are pollinated artificially, or bees are placed in greenhouses to pollinate insects. Such as artificial pollination combined with flowering spray 15-20 mg / kg gibberellin, full flower spray 0.30% urea and 0.30 borax, young fruit spray 0.30% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, then to promote fruit set, increase production effect is very obvious .
6.2 Thinning and thinning of fruits During the flowering period, dense flowers are eliminated to remove malformed flowers, diseases and flowers, and late flowers. 3 weeks after flowering in time to thin the fruit, sparsely deformed fruit, pests and fruit. Generally 3-4 long fruit branches and fruit, 2 fruit in middle fruit, and 1 fruit in short fruit branch.
7 Prevention and control of pests and diseases The prevention and control of pests and diseases should be guided by the guiding principle of prevention and comprehensive prevention and control, and should be mainly based on agriculture and physics and biological control, supplemented by chemical control. After the occurrence of pests and diseases, measures should be taken to prevent and cure disease. Where chemical pesticides are required, high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides should be used, and the concentration and spraying times should be strictly used. In the initial stage of the spider mites, the spider mite was sprayed 1500 times with diflubenzuron 3, and the fruitworms and leaf mites were sprayed with 20% extinction emulsion 2000 times, and the effects were very good. In addition, the greenhouse is often cleaned, and leaves, fallen flowers, and fruits are promptly swept out of the shed to reduce the number of pests and diseases, and the occurrence of pests and diseases can also be reduced.
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