At present, in Minqin County, Gansu Province, China, black fruit carp is one of the tree species developed by the local forestry fruit industry. Minqin County's characteristic fruit and fruit industry center comprehensively considers the growth and development characteristics of black locust under the condition of arid sand area, from seed treatment, In terms of strip collection, cutting sand, cuttings, seedling cutting, post-insertion management, etc., the countermeasures were put forward, and the seeds and cutting seedling techniques of black fruit carp in the arid sandy area of ​​Minqin County were summarized. The seedling raising technique is simple, the seedlings are neat, the germination is neat, and the growth is good. The seedlings in the second year of seedling raising are 40-50 cm high, and the ground diameter is 0.5-0.7 cm, which can be used as seedlings of black fruit carp in Minqin County.
1 characteristics of black fruit cultivar
1.1 Morphological characteristics
Black berry can also be called Su Shi, a multi-thorny shrub, generally 30 to 150 cm high. Berry globose, purple-black after maturity, 4 to 9 mm in diam.; seed kidney-shaped, brown.
1.2 growth habits
Black berry is a kind of hi-light tree with very few flowers and fruits. The requirements for soil are not strict, but the ability to resist mites is poor. Therefore, it is not suitable for planting in low-lying stagnant water. It is a unique dual-use plant for desert medicine and food in western China.
2 seedling cultivation
2.1 seed nursery
2.1.1 Seed collection
The ripe fruit picking period of black fruit is from August to September. When the fruit turns purple and black, the grain can be picked after it is full. After picking the fruit, the berries are placed in clean water, soaked, washed to remove the pulp adhering to the seeds, and the impurities are removed to filter out the seeds.
2.1.2 Selection of nursery sites
The black fruit seedlings should be selected from sandy loam or light saline-alkali soil with flat terrain, deep soil layer, high degree of ripening, high organic matter content, fertile soil fertility, good soil aggregate structure, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and good drainage and irrigation conditions. Before the bogey, it is a common meal and vegetable plot.
2.1.3 Seed treatment
Before seeding, the seeds are immersed in 40 ° C warm water for 24 hours, or soaked with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 4 to 6 hours to increase the germination rate. The general germination rate is about 90%.
2.1.4 Sowing time and method
It is usually planted from late March to mid-April. The seedbed is filled with water before sowing, and it can be sown 2 to 3 days after irrigation.
1 small 畦 broadcast. According to the acreage of 1 per acre, ditch 30cm apart, the depth of the ditch is 0.5~1.0cm, the seeds are mixed with fine sand, mixed, evenly spread into the ditch, slightly covered with fine sand, lightly pressed and watered, keep The soil is moist, and then covered with a mulch film. When the buds pass through the land, they choose rainy weather or remove the mulch at night. When the temperature is 17 to 21 ° C, 5 to 7 days can be emerged. The planting amount of mu is 1.0-1.5 kg, and the yield of seedlings is 40,000 to 50,000.
2 ridges on demand. A ridge with a width of 40 to 45 cm and a height of 20 cm. The distance between the ridges is 30 cm. Then, the water is irrigated, and the whole ridge is flooded. After 2 to 3 days, the water can be mulched on the ridge, and then the spot is used to punch the ridge. The depth of the hole is 0.5 to 1.0 cm. Each row is sown in 2 rows, the row spacing is 30 cm × 5 cm, the seeding row and the ridge margin are 10 cm, and 5 to 6 robust black berry seeds are seeded at each hole. After the on-demand, press it slightly, so that the seeds are in full contact with the soil, covered with wet sand after sowing, covering a thickness of about 1 cm.
2.2 cutting seedlings
2.2.1 Site preparation
The blackcurrant nursery requires a plot with flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, and no water accumulation. Before the seedlings, the ground is turned 30 cm deep, combined with deep-turning organic fertilizer, 2500 kg of fermented farmyard manure per acre, and 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of potassium fertilizer, 15 kg of urea, and finally the whole It is fine. One small raft per acre is irrigated by small hoe. When the water can enter the person, the mulch film with a thickness of 0.008 mm and a width of 1.2 m is covered by the irrigation raft, and a operation of 30 cm width is left between the film and the film.
2.2.2 Collection and storage of strips
1 kind of strip collection. Choose high-yield plants with pure varieties, high quality, robustness, and no pests and diseases. Cut the middle branches or long branches with full maturity, moderate internodes, and full buds in the winter shears (thickness 0.6-0.8 cm). Every 50 bundles are bundled into one bundle, and the variety is marked.
2 kinds of strips are stored. Mainly use sand, choose high ground, sunny, flat place to dig pits, 150 cm deep, 300 cm wide, depending on the number of inserts. The cuttings were treated with 50% carbendazim WP 600 times to prevent mildew. During storage, a layer of sand is required for the cutting of the layer. The humidity of the sand is controlled at about 5%. The humidity of the sand is held in groups by hand, and the degree of touch is dissipated. If it is not sand, it can be used in March of the following year.
2.2.3 Treatment of cuttings
Select the middle and lower part of the cuttings with higher degree of lignification. The cuttings are 13 to 15 cm long, cut flat at 1 cm from the upper part, cut into slopes at the lower part, 50 to 100 for 1 bundle, and the upper end of the cuttings is treated with ink. Do mark up and prevent confusion. The cuttings are usually treated with a naphthalene acetic acid solution prior to cutting. For the preparation method of naphthalene acetic acid solution, first dissolve naphthalene acetic acid in alcohol, then add a small amount of plant-derived hormones and vitamin C, and then pour into clear water. The cuttings are soaked in a 15-20 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid solution for 24 hours, and the soaking part is 3 to 5 cm at the lower end of the strip, and it is suitable to soak the seed marrow.
2.2.4 Preparation of the electric heating hotbed
The laying area of ​​the hotbed depends on the number of nurseries. When laying, in order to keep warm, firstly lay a layer of sawdust 10 cm thick, and then spread 5-8 cm of sand. The wooden slats are fixed on both sides of the hotbed, and a nail is nailed to the ground heating line every 5 cm on the wooden slat. Route on a hot bed at a fixed line spacing and tighten. Then use 5 cm thick sand to evenly press down the electric heating line, watering, energizing, testing, and smoothing.
2.2.5 rooting
In the first ten days of March, the processed black berry cuttings were placed on the seedling warming bed in the greenhouse, and the lower end of the cuttings was inserted into the fine sand of 15-20 cm thick, and then the water was poured once to make the sand layer evenly moist, energized, observed, Record the temperature of the hotbed. During the rooting process, it is necessary to check the electrification and temperature regularly. Also pay attention to the humidity of the hotbed and the humidity is insufficient. It is necessary to water the water in time to keep the water content of the sand bed at 60%~70%. Within 1 week of rooting, the temperature of the hotbed is controlled at 18-20 °C, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled below 10 °C to prevent germination of the buds and the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 80%. After 1 week of rooting, gradually increase the temperature of the hotbed to 20-25 °C, and check the formation of callus at any time. If 80% of the callus is formed and there is a small root system, the greenhouse temperature can rise to 10-15. °C, promote the germination of the top bud. In the future, the indoor temperature should be gradually reduced, and the new roots should be transplanted after adapting to the external environment. After 15 to 20 hours, the formation of callus is incomplete and the rooting can be continued.
2.2.6 Daejeon cutting time and method
Cutting is usually carried out at the beginning of April (or 7 to 8 ° C in 15 cm soil layer). Use the cutting needle to make an eye on the mulch, the plant spacing is 20 cm × 20 cm, and the depth is 3/4 of the length of the cuttings. Then insert the rooting cuttings gently into the eyes, try not to damage the callus, and then put the jacks solid, or Fill with fine sand to make the cuttings close to the soil.
3 Field management after nursery
3.1 cultivating weeding
After the seed is emerged, it should be combined with irrigation to loosen the soil, 4 to 5 times a year.
3.2 irrigation
According to the soil moisture condition, timely irrigation, 4 to 5 times of irrigation in 1 year.
3.3 seedlings
When the seedling height was 3 to 5 cm in the first half of June, the seedlings were weak and the seedlings were too dense. In mid-July, the seedlings are fixed, and the seedlings are kept at a distance of 5 to 10 cm.
3.4 top dressing
Combined with irrigation, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer was applied 1 to 2 times in the middle and late June, and 25 kg was applied per acre, and the fertilizer was applied once in the middle and late July.
3.5 buds, pruning
Due to the strong growth and the second thorny side branches, the black berry seedlings should be trimmed during the growth period of the seedlings, or trimmed at the end of the year. The rinsing should be flat when pruning, and the bark should not be damaged.
3.6 Pest Control
The main pests and diseases of the black fruit mites are aphids, powdery mildew, soot, etc., and can be sprayed with a 50% sulfur suspension 600 times solution or 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times solution.
4 seedlings out
4.1 Seedling and grading
From the end of March to the beginning of April of the next year, the black berry grows before the germination, and it is necessary to prevent the skin from being damaged and not hurting the roots. Immediately after emergence, the grades were determined according to the seedling standards.
The grading standards are: the first seedling height is 41 to 50 cm, the ground diameter is 0.5 to 0.7 cm, and the root system is intact; the second seedling height is 21 to 40 cm, the ground diameter is 0.3 to 0.4 cm, and the root system is intact. The number of seedlings after classification is 1 bundle per 50 strains or 100 strains, and the variety, seedling time, grade, quantity, etc. are marked with a label.
4.2 seedling sterilization
The graded seedlings are sprayed with roots with 3 to 5 waves of sulphur stone sulphur mixture to sterilize the eggs.
4.3 seedlings
Choose a well-drained, shady, leeward plot to dig a trench perpendicular to the direction of the main wind. The size of the ditch varies depending on the size of the seedling. Generally, the ditch depth is 30-40 cm. The seedling should also be deepened, and the wall of the windward side should be made. 45° inclined wall, then the seedlings are evenly arranged on the inclined wall, so that the roots of the seedlings are stretched out in the ditch, and then the lower part of the seedlings is buried with wet sand to cover 1/2~2/3, and the concrete is pressed. The roots are in close contact with the soil. After the fake planting, cover the upper part of the seedling with a wet grass curtain and other shades to prevent the seedlings from drying out.
4.4 Packaging and transportation
Long-distance transport of seedlings should be packed in straw bags to keep the roots moist.
The above are all the main points of the black sapling technology, from the treatment of seeds to the cutting of seedlings and the management after cutting, all the farmers who need it can refer to!
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