Tomatoes are a nutritious, sweet and sour vegetable that is grown all over the country. Tomatoes can also be grown on dry land that lacks moisture, as long as the drought-tolerant variety is selected. The following small series will introduce the high-yield cultivation techniques of dryland tomatoes.
1, select the best species
Dryland tomatoes should be selected from mid-late maturity varieties that are drought-resistant, high-yield, disease-resistant, good in quality, suitable for local growth, and meet market demand, such as powdered fruit general, Zhongza No. 9, Zhongyu No. 4, Jiafen No. 10, Zhongyan 958, Shanghai cooperation 908, 918, etc.
2, seed treatment
Seed disinfection and soaking and germination should be carried out before planting. Soak the selected seeds in water at about 30 °C for 15 to 30 minutes, then put them in hot water at 55-60 °C for 15 minutes, or place the seeds soaked in water in 10% trisodium phosphate solution. Soak for 10 minutes, then remove the seeds and wash them with water. The sterilized seeds are then wrapped in a damp cloth and placed in an environment at a temperature of 28 to 30 ° C to germination. When the seeds are white, the temperature is gradually lowered to 25 ° C.
3. Cultivate strong seedlings
A seedbed of 0.5 square meters is required per acre of production. The seedling bed is generally 12 square meters, and the seedbed bed is generally 50 square meters. The tomato seedling period is longer, so the bed soil must be prepared to meet the nutrients needed for the growth of the seedlings. Generally, 50% of the soil and 50% of the decomposed horse manure can be used in the seedbed, and the decomposed minced dried manure or chicken is added to each cubic meter of bed soil. 15 to 25 kg of manure, 0.5 kg of superphosphate, 1 kg of high-quality potash, then smashed the various ingredients, mixed evenly, and made into bed soil, and laid flat in the seedbed at a thickness of 5 cm. In order to disinfect the bed soil, 5 g of carbendazim powder or 5 g of 70% methyl thiophanate powder can be used per square meter of bed soil, and 1 kg of fine dry soil is added to make the medicinal soil. Cover the soil with 2/3 of the soil, and then cover the seeds with 1/3 of the soil after sowing.
Seedlings are planted in greenhouses or impotence in early April, and bed soil is poured 3 to 5 days before sowing, covering the plastic film, and seeding is carried out when the bed soil is stable above 15 °C. When planting, first sprinkle 2/3 of the soil, then sow the seeds at a distance of 1 cm x 1 cm. After sowing, spread 1/3 of the soil, and then cover the plastic film to keep warm. Under the condition of keeping the bed soil temperature at 15-20 °C, it usually takes 3 to 5 days to emerge. After emergence, the plastic film can be removed, and sufficient light is supplied to keep the temperature at 25 °C during the day and 15 °C at night, and the bed soil temperature should be maintained at 15-20 °C. When it is about 20 days after sowing, it is a flower bud differentiation period when it grows to 2 to 3 leaves. In order to promote early flowering and reduce flowering nodes, low temperature (15 ~ 18 ° C) and short day conditions should be provided. Watering was stopped 7 days before planting to enhance the drought resistance of the seedlings.
The seedling age is 40 to 50 days; the seedling height is 15-20 cm; the stem diameter is 0.5-0.8 cm, and the internodes are short; the leaves are 7-9, the leaves are dark green, the leaves are thick; the first spikes are buds; The root system is developed; the plant is free from pests and diseases and mechanical damage.
4, soil preparation and fertilization
Tomato requires loose and fertile soil. It is suitable for neutral acid-soiled soil with water and fertilizer. It is 5000 kg of fertilized per mu, 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 50 kg of superphosphate, 20 kg of cake fertilizer and 150 kg of ash. Deeply turn the ground 30 cm, then make a large ridge, the ridge distance is 120 cm, the ridge height is 20 cm, and the ridge width is 80 cm. Covering the mulch film is generally carried out 10 to 15 days before the planting or after the rain, and it is "when the rain is not equal, the time is not equal."
5, colonization technology
It is usually planted at the end of May and early June, and is planted according to the method of large ridge and double row. The line spacing is 60-70 cm, the small line spacing is 40-50 cm, the plant spacing is 35 cm, and the planting density is about 3000 per acre.
6, post-plant management
1 topdressing
After the first seed of the seedling grows to a diameter of about 3 cm, the topdressing is started, and the compound fertilizer is 10 kg/mu; the second to third ear fruits start to expand, and the compound fertilizer is 30 kg/mu; the fourth to fifth ear fruits start to expand. Period, compound fertilizer 20 kg / mu. Or topdressing 15 kg/mu of urea, 1500 kg of human excrement, and then chasing urea 15 kg after two weeks. Combined with topdressing, weeding and weeding, pay attention to drainage and flood control.
2 bracket tied vine
5 to 7 days after planting, the heart leaves begin to grow and new roots appear. After the tomato seedlings, the first thing is to insert the vines. If you use a herringbone frame, the height is 1.6 meters, and the frame is inserted 10 cm below the root of the tomato root. After the abduction is abducted, the tomato plants are tied to the rack, and a vine is usually tied to each of the two inflorescences.
3 pruning
Pruning and snoring while tying the vines. Carry out a single dry pruning, remove all side shoots in time, and leave 4 flowers per inflorescence. In the fourth bunch of fruit, leave 2 to 3 leaves and sharpen.
7. Integrated pest management
The main diseases of tomato are: early blight, late blight, leaf mold, ulcer disease, viral disease and so on. For the prevention and treatment of early blight and late blight, 64% antivirus cockroach 500 times solution, 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 500 times liquid, and 72.2% chlorpyrifos 800 times liquid spray can be used. To control leaf mold, the initial stage of the disease can be sprayed with 7% leaf mold dust, 1 kg per acre, or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, 70% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution, 2% wuyimycin water 150 times liquid spray. To prevent viral diseases, use 83 anti-agent 100 times solution, 20% morpholinium 400 times solution, spray once before and after colonization.
The main pests of tomato are: cotton bollworm, aphids, and leaf-flying flies. To control cotton bollworms, black light can be used to trap adult insects or use sex attractants to kill, or spray Bacillus thuringiensis to treat insects. When the cotton bollworm is young, it can be sprayed with 2.5% kungfu emulsifiable concentrate 5000 times. Control aphids: can be hanged with silver-gray plastic film to drive sputum, can also use yellow plate to trap, can also use smog for chemical control. The control of Liriomyza sativae can be controlled by spraying green vegetable Bao 1000 times liquid.
8, timely harvest
The standard for timely harvesting is that the fruit is fully inflated and the peel turns from green to yellow or red. Choose to harvest without dew.
Planting tomatoes in dry land can make rational use of land and increase farmers' income. The above content is for reference only. If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to Hui Nong School!
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