Whether it is to replace experimental animals in preclinical studies of drug development or for organ transplantation, artificial organs and tissues have very attractive application prospects. However, artificial organs and tissues constructed in vitro need to survive and perform biological functions in vitro and in vivo. In addition to considering the immune rejection of the body, another problem cannot be ignored. The supply of oxygen and nutrients from artificial to deep surface of artificial organs is gradually decreasing. The trend is that necrosis may occur in cells and tissues at its center. Therefore, the vital organs such as the liver, heart and so on to achieve in vitro preparation and in vivo transplantation survival, whether to build an effective vascular network system has become one of the main limiting factors, but also a bottleneck hindering its clinical application.
At present, the bio-3D printing method is usually used to reserve or accurately locate the inside of the stent to directly print the micro-vascular network structure with good porosity and height, which realizes a high-precision microstructure to a certain extent and realizes rapidly. Vascularization target. However, due to the nature of the matrix material, biocompatibility and mechanical properties, biological 3D printing is not able to meet the actual needs. 3D stamping technology (3D stamping) can provide a new tissue scaffold for tissue engineering by pre-preparing a patterned single layer and forming a three-dimensional vascularized network structure through precise design and layer-by-layer assembly. And vascularization network construction ideas.
3D stamping technology (3D stamping) and AngioChip. Image source: Nature Materials
According to a recent report by Nature Materials, the Milica Radisic team at the University of Toronto in Canada developed a built-in vascular network stent chip necessary for human tissue growth using 3D stamping technology and named it AngioChip. It uses a biodegradable, elastic, ultraviolet polymerizable and rapid prototyping POMaC [poly(octamethylene maleate (anhydride) citrate)] polymer material. The patterned POMaC biodegradation layer was prepared by computer software and printed like a seal, and 1D tube, 2D branch catheter and 3D dendritic network-like vascular structure. The patterned POMaC layer is precisely layered and embedded in the microvascular structure, and can be polymerized together by ultraviolet light to form complex microstructures and internal pores. A three-dimensional vascularized tissue scaffold chip was prepared by perfusing the extracellular matrix inside and implanting human active cells. (Biodegradable scaffold with built-in vasculature for organ-on-a-chip engineering and direct surgical anastomosis. Nature Mater., 2016, 15, 669-678, DOI: 10.1038/nmat4570)
Vascular stent structure, liver tissue, muscle tissue and blood vessel transplantation. Image source: Nature Materials
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