With the speed of economic development and the acceleration of urbanization, the number of floating population in China is increasing (the floating population usually refers to the “separated population†population, that is, the population where the household registration is not in the same place as the place of residence and who has left the household for more than half a year) . The emergence of floating population is a unique phenomenon in the process of social transformation in China. They have made great contributions to urban modern construction and economic construction, but they are faced with their own health-related problems. They usually work hard and have low income levels. Diet, living conditions are not ideal, health care awareness is insufficient, and they face many health problems. To make matters worse, the mobile population rarely enjoys the public services of health resources provided by the city.
According to the 2011-2016 dynamic monitoring data of the national floating population released by the National Health and Family Planning Commission's Floating Population Service Center, this report adopts the flow scale, age, gender, marital status, education level, average monthly income, and flow reasons of the floating population. Multi-dimensional and multi-angle analysis such as flow duration and basic medical needs show the living conditions of the floating population in recent years. The eggshell research institute mainly focuses on the 2016 data, analyzes the data of the floating population and medical needs, and traces the data of previous years to observe the continuous changes of the floating population.
First, the portrait of the floating population
In 2016, the country's floating population totaled 245 million. This is the second consecutive year after the decline in the size of the floating population in 2015. The floating population has maintained continuous growth every year since 2009, reaching a peak of 253 million in 2014. The increase and decrease in the population indicates that the stability of our residents has begun to increase and the willingness to move has begun to decline.
1. Male mobility tends to be slightly higher than female, and young and middle-aged people are the main force of mobile army.
The 2016 sample of migrants shows that men and women account for 53.6% and 46.4% respectively, which is reflected in the ratio of 51.2% and 48.8% of the total population of men and women in the country. The male population tends to flow more. This is related to the concept of labor in the traditional male and female female heads of the country. Secondly, the floating population is mainly engaged in the work that requires more physical strength, so the male is more competent. At the same time, the middle-aged population of the floating population is mostly between 25-40 years old, accounting for 52.2%, reflecting that the floating population is mainly young and strong groups such as young and middle-aged.
2. The level of education is generally low, with high school education below
3. Unmarried people account for a relatively low proportion and tend to be family-oriented
4. Occupationally, it is mainly based on work and business, and the proportion of government agencies and institutions is low.
5. Low-to-medium income, low-income population
6. The reason for the flow is mainly to work and do business, accounting for over 80%.
7. Big cities are difficult to take root, short-term mobility is the majority
8. Over 80% of the floating population purchase basic medical insurance, and health care awareness is strong
Second, the trend analysis of the relevant dimensions of the floating population
1. Wide range of flows, developed areas in the eastern coastal areas into "Xiangxiang"
In 2016, the country's floating population totaled 245 million, accounting for 18% of the country's total population, which means that one out of every six people is on the flow. In the next decade or two, China is still in the stage of rapid urbanization. According to the National New Urbanization Plan, by 2020, China still expects more than 200 million floating population. Therefore, the floating population, a large population naturally formed in the process of China's cities, cannot be ignored and deserves our attention.
The floating population mainly favors the first-tier big cities and developed coastal areas. The above picture shows the size of the floating population in the country's land and emigration places in 2016. The developed areas such as Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong are the main inflows. Anhui The underdeveloped areas such as Henan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Hunan are the main emigration areas, and the population loss is more serious. The floating population is mostly a group of migrant workers with lower education level. Due to academic restrictions and lack of job opportunities in the household registration area, they are pouring into big cities to seek more opportunities for earning a living.
1. The new generation of people became the main force, and the average age gradually increased.
In the six years from 2011 to 2016, the proportion of the new generation of the floating population in the post-80s and post-90s continued to increase, and the trend of rejuvenation of the floating population was highlighted. At the same time, we can see that the average age of the floating population is gradually increasing. Taking Beijing as an example, it has increased from an average of 32.9 years in 2011 to 36.5 years in 2016. Other Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Guangdong regions have different degrees. The average age has risen. This reflects that in addition to the obvious trend of younger migrants, the proportion of middle-aged and elderly people is also slowly increasing. This is mainly due to the trend of familyization reflected in the migration process of migrants. Generally, young and middle-aged people have a foothold in employment in large cities for a period of time. Most of them tend to migrate the elderly and children to work places and maintain normal family life. Therefore, the proportion of the elderly has gradually increased. In addition, the average age of the floating population in Guangdong has been at a relatively low level. This is mainly due to the relatively developed low-end labor-intensive industries such as manufacturing in Guangdong, and the existence of a large amount of labor demand, which has attracted a large number of rural low-education youths to work. Employment has lowered the average age of the floating population in Guangdong.
2. Unmarried rate is gradually reduced, and the trend of familyization is highlighted
Throughout the marital status of the floating population of the five major inflows in the country from 2011 to 2016, it is not difficult to find that the unmarried rate has shown a slow decline year by year, the most decline is in Jiangsu, 27.2% unmarried from 2011 The rate will be 14.2% unmarried in 2016. The lowest unmarried rate is in Shanghai. In recent years, the highest is only 20.5%. The unmarried rate in Beijing is relatively low, while the floating population in Guangdong is unmarried. The rate is relatively high. In recent years, the change range is relatively small, and it is stable at around 25%. This reflects the difference in labor quality between Beijing, Shanghai and other cities in the first-tier cities. Beijing and Shanghai are the top positions in China's economic development. Intelligence-intensive industries such as services and services are highly developed. The location is a gathering of excellent institutions, and a large number of high-quality talents from all over the country have gathered to develop. Different from Guangdong and other regions, mainly labor-intensive industries such as manufacturing industries, mainly attracting migrant workers. Wait for low-educated people to go to work and work.
3. The level of education has steadily increased year by year, and the average monthly income has increased.
According to the chart data, from 2011 to 2016, the overall educational level of the floating population in the five major regions has been steadily increasing year by year. Here, the “level of undergraduate education†is used to explain the academic level. Among them, the floating population in Beijing is relatively high in education level, and the undergraduate ratio is higher than other parts of the country. In 2016, it is as high as 20.5%, which means that more than one-fifth of the floating population in Beijing Bachelor degree or above; followed by the floating population in Shanghai, the undergraduate proportion is also in a higher position, from 6.4% in 2011 to 16.8% in 2016, in addition to the statistics of Jiangsu The proportion of undergraduates in economically developed regions such as Zhejiang and Guangdong has also increased slightly year by year. This reflects the rising trend of the overall cultural level of the floating population. It is no longer limited to the “migrant workers†in the eyes of the people. After the graduation of more highly educated talents, they also choose to move away from their hometowns to find employment opportunities in large cities. .
Along with the improvement of the educational level of the floating population and the comprehensive development of the economy and society, the overall income level of the floating population is also steadily increasing year by year. The average monthly income level of the two first-tier cities in Beijing and Shanghai has been leading the country. In 2016, the average monthly income exceeded 6,000 yuan, including Beijing 6,249 yuan and Shanghai 6087 yuan. The monthly average income level in Jiangsu increased from 2,507 yuan in 2011 to 4,523 yuan in 2016; Zhejiang and Guangdong regions were respectively in 2011. 2,396 yuan, 2,601 yuan increased to 4013 yuan and 4,163 yuan in 2016.
The remainder of the second chapter will analyze the employment quality and participation of the floating population, with a view to portraying the living conditions of the floating population through a comprehensive and multi-angle perspective.
The third chapter will focus on the use of statistical knowledge to analyze the correlation of relevant medical service needs with the relevant dimensions of the self-portrait of the floating population, so as to deeply explore the influencing factors of the medical needs of the floating population.
Finally, the report also summarizes and considers the above data analysis, and puts forward relevant service improvement suggestions for the current problems of the floating population, and provides some guidance for the development opportunities of related industries.
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