Release date: 2016-05-11
According to a new study funded by Cancer Research UK, scientists have uncovered new genetic information about how breast cancer is produced and the genetic changes associated with breast cancer patients' survival. The results of the study were published in the journal Nature Communications on May 10, 2016, entitled "The somatic mutation profiles of 2,433 breast cancers refines their genomic and transcriptomic landscapes".
In this study, researchers from a number of institutions, including the University of Cambridge in the UK, analyzed tumor samples from the METABRIC study, which revealed that breast cancer can be divided into 10 different subtypes, to further Understand the genetic defects of these 10 subtypes. The researchers found that 40 genes that mutated could lead to breast cancer development. Prior to this, only a few of these genes were known to be involved in breast cancer development. They also found that one of the more commonly mutated genes, called PIK3CA, was associated with a low chance of survival in three of the ten breast cancer subtypes. Importantly, this may help explain why drugs targeted to PIK3CA are only effective for some women and not for other women.
Researchers believe that these results may help identify drugs that target these genetic defects to prevent the development of the disease in the future. This research may also provide vital information to assist in the design of clinical trials for breast cancer and to improve testing for this disease.
These findings provide more detailed information for previous METABRIC studies. The METABRIC study is a large study involving 2,000 breast cancer patients, revealing that breast cancer can be divided into 10 subtypes. The METABRIC study is the largest molecular analysis study to investigate how the disease develops after treatment with any breast cancer subtype.
It was developed in collaboration with the British Cancer Research Centre and the British Columbia Cancer Agency. The results of the METABRIC study were published in the Nature study entitled "The genomic and transcriptomic architecture of 2,000 breast tumours reveals novel subgroups".
"The METABRIC study maps the genetic blueprints for breast cancer. These new findings give us a more detailed understanding of which genetic defects may be related to how different types of breast cancer subtypes are produced and developed," said Professor Carlos Caldas, co-author of the paper. This information may help design clinical trials for breast cancer patients in the future, or provide researchers with more biomarkers for liquid biopsy, where liquid biopsy is a use. A test method to detect the release of genetic material from dead blood cells in the blood."
As the lead clinician of the Centre for Cancer Research in the United Kingdom, Professor Peter Johnson said, “Our research continues to emphasize how complex cancers are, and we are successfully solving these problems faster than before. This study gives us more about How breast cancer develops and why some subtypes are more difficult to treat than other subtypes, and this information is a huge resource for researchers around the world. Such research will help us develop new diagnostic tests. In order to guide the treatment of breast cancer patients in the future."
Source: Bio Valley
In China, nervous system drugs are also one of the drugs with the most rapid sales growth in recent years. In 2002, nervous system drugs occupied 5.9% of the entire pharmaceutical market share, and the total sales amount increased by 9.4%.
With the increasing trend of urbanization and aging, the elderly population in China has exceeded 120 million, and the incidence of geriatric diseases, especially mental diseases, is increasing year by year. With the increase of residents' income, the elderly's requirements for quality of life also increase. As a result, the demand for drugs to treat mental illnesses such as Alzheimer's has soared. In WHO drug classification, psychotropic drugs and nootropic drugs are grouped into one class. We briefly analyzed the development trend of this class of drugs through the clinical drug use data collected from more than 300 domestic key hospitals by Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
The overall market size of this class of drugs is about 1.22 billion yuan, the consumption sum increased by 5.0% in 2002, but the sales quantity increased by 11.2%. The main reason why the consumption sum did not increase with the sales quantity is that several main varieties of this class of drugs, such as piracetam, cobalt bin amide and ginkgo biloba leaf, etc. In 2002, the price of selling units fell sharply due to bidding. Among these drugs, ginkgo biloba preparation occupies the largest market share, accounting for more than 1/3 of the market share, ganglioside ester and cobalt bin amide combined also occupy nearly 1/3 of the market share, piracetam and other "sitan" drugs occupy nearly 10% of the market share, the rest of the drugs occupy less than 5% of the market share. At present, more than 20 ginkgo leaf production enterprises, piracetam production enterprises more than 70, have entered the stage of price competition, profit repeatedly diluted.
In the first-line varieties, except ginkgo biloba leaves preparation maintained vigorous vitality, the growth of other varieties were weak, especially the traditional variety piracetam suffered from bidding
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