1. Improve lighting conditions. During the initial construction period of solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses, factors including adverse effects such as haze and low temperature and low temperature are taken into consideration. Excellent facilities are designed and built, and appropriate local lighting periods and roof angles are calculated according to local latitude and natural conditions. Reasonably build a shed to ensure maximum lighting. At the same time, long-lasting droplet-eliminating films are used to ensure high light transmittance.
2. Improve temperature conditions. When the solar greenhouse is built, the thermal insulation and heat storage capacity of the wall body and back slope shall be enhanced, and the heat storage and heat preservation capacity shall be improved. The general wall insulation and heat storage thickness is preferably 37-50 cm brick wall plus 10-15 cm thick polystyrene board or the top of the earth wall thickness 1.5-2.5 m; the back slope thickness is 10-15 cm thick polystyrene board plus waterproof Layer or more than 15 cm slag plus waterproof layer is appropriate.
Enhance the resilience of vegetable plants
1. Choose low-temperature, low-light and disease-resistant varieties. Although there are few varieties of low-temperature and low-light resistance at present, they should be selected as relatively resistant to low-temperature and low-light varieties.
2. The main organic fertilizer, appropriate increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (15:15:15) compound fertilizer, increase the application of organic materials and calcium fertilizer. Fertilizer amount should be determined based on the soil fertility and the target fertilizer yield. Usually, when the soil fertility is low, the fertilization amount can be determined according to 1.5 times the target yield and fertility, and when the soil fertigation capacity is high, The fertilization amount was determined according to 0.8 times the target amount of fertilizer. The actual production is generally 7-10 tons of organic fertilizer per acre, plus 1,000 kg of crushed straw, plus 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer, plus 10-15 kg of slaked lime. At the time of haze, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% calcium nitrate plus 1% glucose solution to the foliage.
3. Spring facilities Vegetable water management to control the amount of irrigation, the general fruit and vegetables such as tomato and cucumber irrigation amount of 15-23 tons per acre.
4. To control the occurrence of diseases, the relative humidity is controlled below 85% when the temperature in the facility is 15-25°C. The method is: in the morning after unveiling the insulation cover, it is necessary to quickly warm up to 25°C within 1.5 hours. After the temperature rises to 30°C in the facility, the air is released and the temperature is lowered to 17-19°C. The air outlet is closed, and the insulation cover is prepared. Reduce the amount of irrigation, cover the film to reduce evaporation on the ground. In the event of disease, old leaves and diseased leaves should be removed in time, and smoke or dust should be used for prevention and control when necessary.
5. Adjust the plants. When the plant growth is weak, appropriate thinning and fruit thinning should be carried out, and timely harvesting should be carried out in a timely manner to reduce the burden on the plant. When the plant grows vigorously, more fruits should be kept, and harvested in an appropriate manner to prevent excessive vegetative growth.
Regulating the Environment to Prevent Adversity of Fertility Disorders
1. Regulate the light environment to prevent photosynthesis disorders in vegetables.
(1) The pollution on the film should be cleaned every day to ensure a high transmittance of the plastic film; an aluminum-plated mirror reflective film with a width of about 1 meter should be hung at a distance of 5 cm from the back wall of the solar greenhouse to improve the illumination of crops in northern and central Hebei. It can increase the illuminance within 0-3 meters from the reflective film by 9%-40%.
(2) Within the allowable range of temperature, remove the cover insulation (grass weeds) as early as possible. The uncovering time should be such that the temperature in the facility does not drop after uncovering the grass and the facilities with good insulation performance are at the minimum. Temperature 0 °C - 15 °C season, when the temperature within the facility is reduced to 15 °C -17 °C, when the temperature is lower than -15 °C season, when the temperature dropped to 17 °C -19 °C when the grass cover; Poor insulation facilities should be covered as soon as possible. On sunny days, grasshoppers should cover the cover as early as possible to extend the time for vegetables to see the light. On cloudy days, according to the outside temperature conditions, the grasshoppers can be uncovered at noon for a short period of time to make the vegetables receive scattered light and cannot be uncovered for several days in a row. thatch.
(3) When cloudy or haze weather exceeds 2 days, appropriate artificial light may be applied. The use of plant growth lamps fills the light better. Generally, each lamp is 40W, 25 ç› per acre is appropriate, and 3-4 hours per day in low light season, which can significantly increase the output and quality.
2. Regulate the temperature environment to prevent the growth of vegetables.
(1) Install a suitable thickness of insulation cover.
(2) increase the built-in thermal insulation facilities.
(3) Take measures to increase the temperature.
(4) Artificially assisted heating.
3. Avoid the dangers of sudden fine dust after hazy weather for many days. After a few days of continuous rain and fog, the weather suddenly becomes fine. It is easy to cause a sudden increase in the temperature in the greenhouse, the temperature of the soil lags behind, and weak root absorption capacity of vegetables and transpiration of stems and leaves. A sudden increase caused dehydration and wilting. Therefore, we must pay attention to the interval and alternately exposing, and we must not immediately uncover all grasshoppers and avoid the loss of water and wilting of crop leaves under strong light. If you find that the leaves are wilting, cover the grass cover and wait until the plants recover.
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