How can rice cultivation be high-yield? Huinong.com has summarized a lot of high-yield rice cultivation techniques for farmers. I don’t know if you have learned a suitable method. The following Hui Nongwang Xiaobian will add a set of high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques for rice. Let's take a look at what is different.
First, rice seedling technology
1, choose the species
It is necessary to select varieties with high quality, high yield, strong disease resistance and strong tillering power. At present, suitable varieties are Longjing 31 and Longjing 46.
2, buckle shed for bed
The choice of sheds should be in the greenhouse. It is necessary to start the shed to increase the ground temperature around March 15th. The selection of sheds should be carried out in greenhouses. When the soil in the shed is frozen about 10cm, the seedbed will be started, and the seedbed will be leveled and cut out. Residual debris, the middle steps are paved with bricks.
3, seed treatment
Seeding for 1-3 days before sowing, then air selection or 1.13 specific gravity salt is selected to remove the glutinous rice. The selected dry seeds can be coated with 15% seedling coating agent, which can effectively prevent and cure bacterial wilt and Disease, malignant disease, cotton rot, every 0.5 kg of seed with 0.5 kg of seeding agent against 0.5-0.8 kg of water, evenly mixed on plastic cloth, mixed with dry film, 3 days later, soaking seeds, soaking seeds The seed can be about 5cm, and it can't be stirred. Coated with a coating agent, other acid-sterilizing agents need not be reused. When the water temperature is about 15 °C, it is usually germinated for 5-7 days.
The germination can be used with a constant temperature germination device. The temperature is constant at 28-32 ° C, generally 24-30 hours. When germination, the net bag can be used for seeding. The upper and lower can be changed one or two times. When the bud length is 1-2mm, the temperature is lowered to 15-20 °C, and the cold bud can be sown for about 6 hours.
4, sowing
Before the sowing, the bed soil should be sprayed with micro-spraying water without water. The sowing date should be determined in batches according to the time and speed of transplanting. Generally, the bed surface temperature is above 12 °C, which can be sown. Our county is about April 10-15. Adjust the sowing amount with the planter, sowing at a constant speed, 150-200 grams of bud seeds per dish, covered with soil cover. About 0.7cm, the thickest is not more than 1cm, and then the grass is closed.
Second, the management of the seedling bed
1, temperature management
(1) to the seedling planting: to close the main heat moisture, temperature controlled at 30-32 deg.] C, the ventilation opening to more than 35 ℃. When the emergence of 50-70%, the mulch should be withdrawn in time.
(2) emergence to leaves stage: the greenhouse at a temperature of 25-28 deg.] C, not exceeding 30 ℃, note that air hardening,
(3) 1.5 leaf stage -2.5 leaf stage: the temperature in the shed is 20-25 ° C. Pay attention to the ventilation of the seedlings during high temperature, pay attention to the wind and cold, the management of high temperature weather, and prevent the high temperature.
(4) 2.5 leaf to transplanting period: according to the local temperature conditions, gradually transferred to the day and night to uncover the film, improve the quality of seedlings.
2, water management
Sowing to emergence, in addition to the need to replenish water in some soils, generally do not water, such as water on the bed surface, to uncover the film, dry bed to prevent wet damage. Peel off the film after emergence up pouring a small amount, such as found in bed soil after a half leaves the surface whitening or curl noon Inaba, sooner or later, the water discharge tip less or not spit water should be watering, watering time before 8am as well Watering must be done every time, to minimize the number of watering.
3, anti-blight disease
First with transplanting the spirit 2-3ml watered 4-5 kilograms per square meter, poured into the bed surface before planting, or in the leaf as one to 2.5-leaf stage with a spray control transplanting the spirit of standing dead 2-3ml per square meter disease.
4, seed bed top dressing
Generally, the de-fertilization is found in the 2.5-leaf stage of the seedlings. The urea is 1.5-2 g per square meter of seedbed, and the root dressing is diluted 100 times. After fertilization, the leaf surface is washed with water to avoid burning the leaves and then applying the martilization before sputum.
V. Honda Management
1. Soil preparation and fertilization
Before the soil is turned over, the farmyard manure is 30-45 tons per hectare. Fertilizer is generally 100-150 kg of diammonium phosphate per hectare, 100-150 kg of potassium sulfate, and 250-300 kg of urea. Nitrogen fertilizer 40%, all phosphate fertilizer, 90% potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer, before the application of sputum, 65% of the remaining nitrogen fertilizer for manure and 35% for panicle fertilizer application. The remaining potash is applied as panicle fertilizer. Advocate autumn turned, plowing, harrow or rotary cultivator were dry, and then carry out irrigation water raking, planting achieve state-inch water is not exposed mud. After 3-5 days of sedimentation, transplanted.
2, transplanting
When the temperature stabilizes through 13 °C, it can be inserted. The transplanting should be concentrated in the high yield period of rice from May 10th to 25th. Planting Specifications: 9 × 3-4 inch using mechanical transplanting; manual transplanting to the same depth, the depth is not more than 1 cm, a straight line, points uniform, no nest root. The artificial insertion depth is 1.5 cm.
3. Balanced fertilization
(1) Manure: The fertilizer is divided into two doses. For the first time, the manure fertilizer is applied 50% of the total amount of manure immediately after returning to green, and no later than 6 leaves (before June 10), promoting the early growth of tillers, using low tillers; when the 7th leaves of rice are to the end 8 leaves when tipping (depending on the variety, usually June 17-20), using the remaining manure for regulating fertilizer application, which is the second time.
(2) Panicle fertilizer: The young panicle differentiates and begins to apply panicle fertilizer. The ear fertilizer is applied twice. For the first time, when the inverted 2 leaves have just been exposed (about July 5), 60% of the total amount of panicle fertilizer is applied, which promotes the differentiation of spikes, branches, and spikelets, increases the number of branches, and strives for the big spikes; When the flag leaf (inverted 1 leaf) is exposed (July 18-20), the remaining panicle fertilizer is applied.
4. Water-saving irrigation
It is necessary to strengthen the basic construction of the field and establish a water-saving irrigation model. The management of water layers should meet the requirements of promoting growth, such as “strengthen roots, warming, ventilation, and water conservationâ€.
(1) Shallow water to promote phlegm: When transplanting, keep the water in the pool. After transplanting, the water layer should maintain 2/3 of the height of the seedlings. The seedlings will return to green. After returning to green, the water layer will maintain 3.3 cm, and the temperature will increase. After the 10th leaf stage, dry and wet wet irrigation method is used to increase the oxygen supply of the soil and promote the root system.
(2) Sun Tian Zhuang Bang attack big spike: When the number of stems in the field reaches 80% of the planned number of stems (June 28 to July 8), it is necessary to have a prosperous situation, an early closure, and a black leaf. Under the leaves, there is no plot of jointing yellow, and the water is removed for 7-10 days. On the contrary, it is not dried, and it is changed to deep flooding. The degree of drying the field is white, the ground cracks, the white surface of the pool surface, the leaves are quite pale, and the control is promoted to promote the strong rod;
(3) Deep water protection tires and shallow water grouting. Rice meiosis is the most sensitive period of low temperature in rice during the whole life. To prevent cold damage, when the temperature is below 17 °C, the 15 cm deep water layer is used to protect the fetus. The rest of the time should be dry, wet and wet, mainly wet intermittent irrigation, rooting and leaf retention, live poles mature. Each time the water is 4-5 cm, it is naturally dried and then watered, and the yellow ripening period stops.
5, prevention of pests and diseases
According to different weed communities, herbicides are selected to kill weeds most effectively. Weeds can be treated with butachlor plus chlorhexidine or bensulfuron-methyl. Prevention and control of rice blast: mainly prevention, strengthening forecasting and forecasting, and controlling disease centers. According to the climatic conditions, at the beginning of July, the hectares were used to control the rice blast with 100 grams or Shi Baoke; for the plots where the leaf miner was found, hectares were sprayed with 750 grams of 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate and 450 kilograms of water. Remove water to 5 cm before application, normal water after 1 day; prevent negative mud: hectares 225-300 ml with 2.5% enemy killing emulsifier, spray 225-300 kg of water, or use other insecticides .
Sixth, harvest
Harvest during the ripening period. Fine-grained, reduced cutting loss, the loss rate does not exceed 2%.
The above is the latest 2018 high-quality and high-yield cultivation technology for rice. Everyone who needs food growers can come to Huinong.com to learn more!
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