Now with the scale of the pig industry, more and more diseases have become more diversified, and herd diseases are no longer a single disease. Many pig farmers have caused headaches. Let us take a look at the key to the prevention and control of large-scale pig farm disease.
1 Environmental health
The sanitation of pig farms is the primary factor in the prevention and control of disease.
1.1 Factory address
Choose a high terrain, good ecology, away from chemical plants, mining plants, residential areas and highways 1km away from the wind direction.
1.2 Field area
It requires convenient transportation, sufficient water and electricity supply, reasonable layout inside the site, and meets the requirements of epidemic prevention. It is arranged according to the main wind direction and the trend of the terrain from high to low. Living areas, production management areas, production areas, and isolation areas should be strictly separated. In addition, dedicated manure, dirt storage and treatment facilities should be installed in the site. The storage site requires cement floors to prevent leakage and overflow from polluting the surrounding environment. The waste should be centralized and harmlessly treated.
1.3 Pig House
Back north to the sun, control the height of the pig house, generally above 1.8m, the building structure is reasonable, heat preservation and heatstroke prevention, easy to be disinfected inside and outside the epidemic prevention.
1.4 Environmental regulation
Environmental factors on the farm include temperature, humidity, ventilation, light, noise, and sanitation around the pig house and around the farm. There is a wall around the field, and trees are planted between the edge of the field and the pig house.
1.4.1 Temperature
Temperature is a very important environmental condition. Pigs are very sensitive to temperature. Generally, the suitable temperature for growing pigs is 15~25°C. Piglets have the highest temperature requirements and are sensitive to low temperatures, especially for newly weaned piglets. In cold weather, feed intake is reduced, resistance is reduced, diarrhea, and respiratory diseases are increased. Excessive ambient temperatures can cause heat stress, which can cause death in pigs.
1.4.2 Humidity
Generally, the humidity of the pig house should be kept at 50%~70%. Low humidity can cause dry skin dehydration and reduced resistance. Low humidity increases the concentration of dust in the air, causing an increase in respiratory diseases. High humidity can cause pathogenic microorganisms to multiply, causing skin diseases such as eczema, and enhanced ventilation can reduce humidity.
1.4.3 Ventilation
Ventilation is an important measure to effectively reduce the concentration of harmful gases in the house. In the case of ensuring the appropriate temperature, the ventilation of the pig house should be strengthened to prevent the growth of pigs from being affected by the high ammonia concentration in the pig house.
1.5 Water source
No pollution, the water quality meets the standard of drinking water.
2 Establish a scientific concept of disinfection and epidemic prevention
2.1 Implement closed management
Strictly control the entry of outsiders into the production area, and set up disinfection tanks and disinfection rooms at the gates. Outsiders and vehicle equipment must be thoroughly disinfected before entering the market. Washing and disinfecting hands and shoes must be done when entering and leaving each house. In the pig farm, clean roads and dirt roads should be set up to prevent pollution and spread of the epidemic. Each pig house should be managed by special personnel and used exclusively.
2.2 adhere to disinfection
Disinfection is an effective means of reducing the number of pathogens in the environment.
2.2.1 Disinfection of the pig house after emptying.
It should be thoroughly washed with clean water, then disinfected, and there should be some drying time after disinfection. The sealed pig house is then heated and fumigated with formaldehyde.
2.2.2 Disinfection with pigs
Disinfecting pigs once a week can temporarily reduce the density of pathogens in the air.
2.2.3 disinfection outside the field
Once/month.
2.3 Precautions
2.3.1 Reasonable concentration, sufficient dose, sufficient time.
2.3.2 The temperature should be appropriate.
2.3.3 The environment is rinsed clean and there is less organic matter.
2.3.4 Use a newly produced disinfectant.
3 Adhere to the principle of self-supporting and self-supporting, and ensure the safety of breeding pigs
In order to ensure the healthy development of the farm, we must adhere to the principle of self-propagation. Establish internal populations based on farm capacity and scale, and try to reject external breeding pigs and piglets into the farm, and establish appropriate pig population elimination mechanisms. Boar: Low delivery rate, low birth weight, low sexual desire, poor semen quality, genetic defects, and foot and hoof disease. Sows: sputum, repeated infertility, continuous abortion more than two times, long-term estrus, physical defects, loss of seed value due to illness. Timely elimination of pigs with no therapeutic value and slow growth.
4 Strengthen management
“Prevention is the mainstay, treatment is supplemented†and it is changed to raising weight.
4.1 Feed quality
The nutritionally balanced full-price feed is the best “drugâ€, and the level of nutrition in pigs is an important factor affecting pig resistance. Lack of nutrients in the body leads to decreased resistance, affecting the level of antibody production and phagocytic function, causing disease. To ensure the pigs' demand for protein, amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, improve feed quality, increase feed intake of weaned pigs, and ensure adequate drinking water to enhance the resistance of the herd.
4.2 All in and out
The nursery house and the fattening house implement the “all-in, all-out†system to ensure thorough cleaning and disinfection, and effectively control cross-infection of various diseases.
4.3 Deworming
The pigs are regularly dewormed every year, and the fat pigs are not less than 2 times. In the summer, do a good job of mosquito culling, and at the same time do a good job in rodent control.
4.4 Patrol
The breeder should inspect the pig house on time and observe the activities, feeding and drinking of the pig. Find problems in a timely manner, prevent problems before they happen, and eliminate old and weak sick pigs in time.
5 Develop a sound immunization program and health plan
5.1 The pig farm should determine the type of vaccine and the time of inoculation according to the epidemic situation of the swine disease and the health status of the pig population, and do the most basic immunization. Pig farms must generally be immunized with swine fever, foot and mouth disease, pseudorabies, parvovirus disease, Japanese encephalitis, infectious gastroenteritis and epidemic diarrhea. The pigs are regularly tested for antibodies at various stages, and the antibodies are immunized in time before the antibodies fall to the protective line, so that the herd is effectively protected. When selecting a vaccine, the quality must pass, and the vaccine should be regulated during transportation and preservation to ensure the quality of the vaccine. Immunization is performed by a person in accordance with standard methods of operation to ensure that the immunization is effective.
5.2 Drug health is a supplement to emergency prevention and emergency measures.
For example, the addition of health-care drugs to the sows one week before and after delivery can ensure the health of newborn piglets and prevent the reproductive tract diseases of the sows. The use of health-care drugs for newborn piglets, weaned piglets and swarming pigs can provide a good protective effect on the adaptation of the new environment and changes in feeding patterns.
At present, environmental protection work is an important task of governments at all levels, and aquaculture pollution has become an urgent problem to be solved. The environmental control of the farm is the first element of modern farming, and it is the prerequisite for the sustainable and healthy development of the farm. It is also the focus of the next step for the livestock veterinary workers.
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