How to grow small grains of soybeans? In recent years, the demand for domestic bean sprouts market has gradually expanded, and the price of small-grain soybeans has also increased year by year. Today, Xiaonong.com has come to talk about high-yield cultivation techniques for small-sized soybeans.
Small-grain soybeans refer to soybean varieties with a grain weight of 6 to 10 g, round, fresh yellow or blue-yellow. It is a raw material for making natto and bean sprouts, and is mainly exported to Japan, Korea and other places. A number of small-sized soybean varieties, such as Dongnong 690, which have been cultivated in China, have played a role in foreign trade export. These varieties have the advantages of good commodity, uniform and uniform color of beans, but also vine growth, easy lodging, fried pods, etc. weakness.
In recent years, a number of small soybean varieties with strong growth, strong stalks and no fried pods have been bred in Longxiaodoudou No. 2 and Xiaoxiaodoudou No. 2, and the yield has been significantly improved, but in terms of commerciality, compared with Dongnong 690 Have a certain gap. With the increase in demand for small-grain soybeans in the international market and the domestic market, the benefits of small-grain soybean crops will gradually increase, and will become an important crop for farmers in the soybean-producing areas to increase their income and drive rural economic development.
1. The main varieties currently used in production
1.1 Dongnong 690
Unlimited pod habits require an accumulated temperature of 2300 °C and a growth period of 120 days. Plant height 110cm, long leaves, purple flowers, grayish white hairs, the main stem is soft, the main stem section is more than 8cm long, slightly branched, 3, 4 pods more, pods dense. The grain is blue-yellow, round and shiny, and the weight of 100-grain is about 8g.
1.2 nine three 92-67
Sub-limited pod habits require an accumulated temperature of 2100 ° C and a growth period of 105 d. The plant height is about 80cm, long leaves, purple flowers, grayish white hairs, the main stem is thick, the main stem section is 6-8cm long, slightly branched, and more than 3 pods. The grain is yellow, umbilical brown, round, shiny, and the weight of 100 grains is about 9g.
1.3 Long Xiaodoudou 2
Sub-limited pod habits. The number of birth days is about 120d, and the accumulated temperature of activity is about 2303 °C. The plant height is about 80cm, with branches, white flowers, grayish white hairs, leaf-shaped leaves are small and pointed, pods are curved, the seeds are round, the seed coat is yellow, shiny, and the 100-grain weight is 9-11g.
1.4绥å°è±†è±†2
Sub-limited pod habits. The number of birth days is about 120d, and the accumulated temperature of activity from emergence to maturity is about 2300 °C. The main stem is pod-shaped and medium-branched. The stalk is strong against the plant, the plant height is about 100cm, the purple flower, the leaves are lanceolate, and the hair is gray. 3 capsules, 4 pods, pods curved, brown when mature, no pods. The grain is round, the seed coat is yellow and shiny, the umbilical is light yellow, and the 100-grain weight is about 10g.
2. Main cultivation techniques
The cultivation technique of small soybeans is different from that of ordinary soybean cultivation techniques.
2.1 variety selection and seed treatment
Mechanical or manual selection, remove the glutinous grains, semi-glutinous grains, worm particles, disease particles, etc. mixed in the seeds, the seed should be more than 98% pure, the germination rate is above 95%, and the water content is not high. At 13%.
Seed dressing with 50% thiram with 0.2% seed amount or 1:80 with 35% gram.
The growth habit of small-grain soybeans is close to that of wild soybeans, so it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of varieties according to the conditions of the plot; the fertile soil and the rain-rich plots can cultivate varieties of sub-limited pods of strong stalks; thin and less rainy plots can Planting varieties with unlimited pod habits. The requirement for accumulated temperature in small-grain soybean cultivation is not particularly strict, but several varieties of varieties should be introduced in the new planting area, and excellent varieties with comprehensive traits should be determined according to yield and commercial traits.
2.2 Rotation and land preparation
Small grain soybeans are not strict with the requirements of the former mites, such as wheat, corn and so on are good pre-productions of small granules. Avoid heavy swearing and swearing. It is necessary to finely level the ground, the depth of ploughing is 20~30cm, and there is no large clods and dark shovel in the turning, and the rafting or squatting will reach the sowing state.
2.3 sowing
In May, the temperature stabilized and began to be planted at 6 °C. The planting density of the main stem pod type is 300,000 to 350,000 plants/hm2, and the planting density of Dongnong 690 is 250,000 to 300,000 plants/hm2. It can be used on the ridge of the air suction planter, and the soil is covered by 2~3cm.
2.4 Scientific and rational fertilization
Base fertilizer: Apply more than 15 tons of organic fertilizer per hectare, combined with one-time application
Fertilizer: Generally, 30.0 kg of pure nitrogen, 46.0 kg of pure phosphorus and 50.0 kg of pure potassium are applied per hectare. Add biological fertilizer, apply deep fertilizer, apply 5~7cm under the seed.
Top dressing: According to the characteristics of the variety and the soil fertility, it is determined whether there is a top dressing. When the small soybeans grow lush, there is no need to topdress. Otherwise, it will cause the length to fall, resulting in a reduction in production.
The small-grained soybeans are sprayed with foliar fertilizers containing trace elements such as boron and molybdenum, and sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and nitrogen fertilizer at the granule stage.
2.5 Field Management
2.5.1 cultivating weeding
After the first emergence of the seedlings, the ploughing is 25~27cm deep, and the temperature is dispelled and the soil is loosened to lay the foundation for the later cultivating.
At the same time, it can eliminate some weeds and grow seedlings. Generally, after the emergence of small soybeans, the shovel should be carried out 3 times before the ridge is closed. In the future, the cultivating and weeding should be carried out once every 10 to 15 days, and the last time before the ridge of the small soybeans is closed.
Using chemical weeding, it can be closed after planting, with 90% acetochlor 2000ml + 48% chlorhexidine 1200ml per hectare or 72% dur or Pulebao 2.0-3.5l + 80% broad grass clear 48 ~ 60g of water 200l, soil treatment, soil treatment to ensure the amount of liquid spray, spring dry plots should increase the amount of spray to ensure the herbicidal effect; try not to apply herbicides after the seedlings, if applied, in the weeds In the 2 to 4 leaf stage, weeds were used to control grass weeds with 15% purified flurazepam emulsifiable concentrate 750-1000 ml per hectare.
2.5.2 Chemical regulation Small grain soybeans have strong growth potential and are easy to grow
During the growth period, according to the growth of the plant, timely growth regulation, you can spray 50% chlormequat 200~500 times solution 1~2 times before sealing the ridge, or spray 225ml with Zhuangfengan 525ml to control the plant height and prevent lodging. Promote pod formation; spray 1500-2250g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to 250kg of water per hectare at initial flowering and full bloom.
2.5.3
Note: pest control
At present, in the actual production of small-grain soybeans, there are more serious diseases such as soybean sclerotium, soybean heartworm, and soybean gray spot.
(1) Soybean Sclerotinia: Small-sized soybeans are prosperous, and in the years when there is more rain in the middle and late growth stages, sclerotinia disease often occurs in a large area. Prevention and control should use reasonable rotation, carefully select seeds, remove sclerotia, deepen the number of sclerotia in the soil to reduce the number of sclerotia in the soil, regulate growth and reduce the degree of depression in the field. In the field, 40% sclerotium WP can be used in 1000-1500 times solution, or 50% keering WP 1500-2000 times solution, 50% phlegm WP 1000 times solution, 70% methyl group Bujin or 50% carbendazim WP 800-1000 times liquid spray on water.
(2) Soybean gray spot disease: the seed can be coated and treated; 40% carbendazim suspension 500 times solution, 70% methyl thiophanate WP 1000 times solution, 50% at initial onset Detoxification WP 800 times or 75% chlorothalonil WP 700-800 times liquid spray.
(3) Soybean larvae: It can be controlled within 6 days after the peak period of adult worms. The adult worm reaches the peak of adult worms in 2 to 3 days, or it can be controlled during the larval hatching period. Use 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate to 400ml per hectare. spray.
2.6 pull up the grass
In the middle and late stages of the growth of small soybeans, the weeds appear to grow rapidly, but the effect of chemical weeding is not ideal at this time, causing weeds and small grains to compete for water, forming a field depression, which easily leads to disease prevalence. At this time, the weeds in the field can be manually removed to promote the growth of small soybeans, which is conducive to autumn harvest.
2.7 harvest
The harvest is not timely, and it is easy to fry the pods. Small-grain soybeans are generally harvested by cutting, so it is generally suitable for the yellow ripening period, that is, 10% of the leaves of the plants have not fallen off, and most of the petioles on the plants (70%-80%) fall off, and most of the pods have turned yellow. Harvesting should be carried out in the morning when there is dew on the plants or when the water content is high. After harvesting, dry in the field for a few days and then thresh. When the water content of the grain after threshing is reduced to 13%, it should be stored in time.
The above is the whole content of today's high-yield cultivation techniques of small-sized soybeans. Welcome farmers who need to come to Huinong.com for reference.
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