The Shagou Shantou production area is the Baijiashagou and Fangjiashagou villages in the Lushan District of Luozhuang District, Linyi City. It has been planted for more than 400 years. Shagou Shantou is rare in its variety and rich in medicinal and therapeutic value. It was recognized by the Trademark Office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce in 2008 and won the China National Geographical Indications Certification Mark. Therefore, today Xiaobian talks about the natural ecological environment of Shagou Shantou and its planting management techniques.
1 natural ecological environment
1.1 Soil topography
The Lushan District of Luozhuang District of Linyi City belongs to the alluvial plain of the Weihe River. It belongs to the yellow sand soil and is the main mainstream sedimentary soil. The color is yellow-brown, granular structure, strong water permeability, rich in organic matter, loose soil and good permeability. It has good performance in water and fertilizer conservation and water supply and fertilizer supply. It is the best soil for planting steamed bread.
1.2 Hydrology
The territory is bordered by the Weihe River in the east, the mud river in the north, and the Wu River in the south. The groundwater resources are abundant, which is an ideal agricultural production and domestic water, which is conducive to production irrigation.
1.3 Climate situation
Luozhuang District of Linyi City is a semi-humid continental climate in the warm temperate monsoon region. The annual average temperature is about 12.5 °C, the annual average illumination time is about 2 450 h, the annual average rainfall is about 850 mm, and the frost-free period is 198 d. It is suitable for the growth of steamed bread.
2 specific production methods
2.1 Origin selection
Choose plots with flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep soil ploughing, and high soil fertility. It is strictly forbidden to continuous cropping. Generally, rotation is carried out for more than 3 years.
2.2 Variety selection
The original ecological sand ditch taro varieties that were kept by the generations were selected from the pest-free plots to select the seedlings of the healthy plant mothers, and the top buds were required to be full and complete, the bulbs were thick and full, and the sizes were the same.
2.3 Production Management Process
2.3.1 Preparation before Broadcasting
2.3.1.1 Soil preparation and fertilization
Deeply ploughing 35~40 cm before winter, sterilizing and killing eggs; in spring, ditching and fertilizing according to 1.2 m row spacing, applying 4 000~5 000 kg of high-quality maturing ring fertilizer and 50-75 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15-15-15) per mu. After fertilization, watering and smashing, after leveling, level the ground.
2.3.1.2 Sunning
Before planting, choose the clear and warm weather to take out the seedlings and let them dry for 3-5 days until the tail of the seedlings shrinks slightly to break the dormancy.
2.3.1.3 germination
The germination method adopts the dry urging method. The specific operation is as follows: placing the seedlings in multiple layers in the indoor frame, controlling the temperature at 20 °C~25 °C, germination, taking 45~60 d time, and reducing the temperature to 20 when the germination is just germination. °C~21°C. At the same time, it is necessary to pick up the buds in batches and manage them in batches to keep the size of the buds consistent. When the buds are 1 cm long, they can be sown.
2.3.2 Sowing
Daejeon mulch planting is generally sown when the temperature is stable above 10 degrees in early April. When the relative water content of the soil drops to 65-75%, the ditch is sown in a double ditch with a row spacing of 40 cm. Before sowing, the seedlings were evenly sprayed with 50% carbendazim WP 500 times. When planting, the top buds were planted upwards, the plant spacing was 30 cm, and 3500-4000 plants were planted per acre, and the soil was covered after sowing.
2.3.3 ridge coating
After 1-2 days of planting, the ridge should be ridged. The ridge should be 18~20 cm from the top of the seedling to the ridge. The distance between the ridges is 50 cm. Finally, spray the ridge on the water with 50% acetochlor EC 100~200 mL. After covering the mulch.
2.3.4 Field Management
2.3.4.1 Seedling management
1 rupture film introduction seedlings: 20~25 days after sowing, when the top buds are exposed to the ground, the membranes are ruptured in time, and the soil is pressed around the membrane mouth; 2 watering: the soil moisture content of the buds during the germination period should not be too high, the seedling stage For lyrical and weather conditions, you can pour small water or not, as long as the soil is kept moist, too much watering will affect the germination caused by rotten seeds.
2.3.4.2 Management of the issue period
1 Topdressing: The key period for Shantou to capture high yield, with 10~15 kg of urea per acre with water; 2 Watering: Ensure sufficient water, but prevent flooding of large water and loosen soil in time.
2.3.4.3 Custody management
1 Top dressing: Apply 30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 40 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre twice, which is conducive to the growth of taro and the expansion of tweezers. 2 Watering: The bulbs of taro are swollen rapidly, and should be based on the conditions and weather conditions. 5-7 days of watering; 3 cutting buds: timely removal of cotyledon buds before cotyledon buds 2 leaves, improve the yield and quality of steamed bread.
2.3.4.4 Dormant management
In the later stage of taro growth, the amount of water required is reduced, so the soil is kept slightly dry before harvesting. For the remaining plots, the soil moisture should be reduced, which is conducive to storage.
2.3.5 Prevention and control of pests and diseases
2.3.5.1 Disease prevention
The diseases mainly include soft rot and epidemic diseases; control measures: 50% carbendazim WP 500~1 000 times before spraying, the seeds are sprayed with sputum to prevent disease; 77% copper hydroxide WP can be used at the beginning of the disease 500 times or 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4 000 times liquid spray to prevent soft rot; use 58% metalaxyl · manganese zinc wettable powder 500 ~ 800 times liquid or 50% Fumei double wettable powder 500 ~ 800 times Liquid spray to prevent and treat diseases.
2.3.5.2 Pest Control
The main pests are taro mites, red spiders, etc.; control measures: 50% anti-Converse WP 1500 times or 10% imidacloprid WP 2 000 times spray control.
2.3.5.3 Weed control
Combined with cultivating alfalfa, it is mainly artificially eliminated, supplemented by chemical control.
2.4 Harvesting and seeding
2.4.1 Harvest
The yellowing and senescence of the leaves of the taro is a sign of the maturity of the taro bulbs. At this time, the starch content is high and the flavor is good. Generally, from the end of August to the beginning of September, the performance of Shantou is unique for 10~15 days. In order to regulate the market supply, it can also be harvested in advance or later.
Generally, in August-September, the yellowing of the leaves of the taro is the ripening of the taro bulbs, and the taro performance is unique for 10-15 days.
2.4.2 Retention
Seeds should be selected for disease-free fields and harvested on sunny days. At the time of harvest, choose a large, tidy, top seed bud without damage.
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