New science research provides new evidence for decades of debate to find an important cornerstone of memory
May 18, 2016 Source: Bio Valley
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For decades, scientists have been arguing over whether rapid eye movement sleep is directly involved in memory. A recent study published in the international academic journal Science shows that REM sleep does play a role in memory formation—at least in mouse models.
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The study was done by researchers at McGill University and the University of Bern. This study demonstrates for the first time that rapid eye movement sleep plays a very important role in the normal spatial memory formation process in mice.
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Previous studies have failed to separate neural activity during rapid eye movement sleep using traditional experimental methods. In this latest study, researchers used optogenetic techniques that accurately target neuronal populations and control neuronal activity through light.
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To test long-term spatial memory in mice, the researchers trained the mice to place a new object in a control environment, while two other volumes similar to the shape of the new object were already familiar to the mouse. object. The researchers found that mice spend more time exploring new objects, indicating that they have gone through the process of learning and remembering. When these mice were in rapid eye movement sleep, the researchers used optogenetic techniques to shut down neuronal activity associated with memory formation, and then investigated whether rapid eye movement sleep is involved in memory formation and consolidation.
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It was found that the next day, these mice could not complete the spatial memory task of the previous day's study, and their memory seemed to be erased, at least damaged, compared with the control group. Silencing the same neurons at other times than the REM sleep period does not affect memory. This suggests that rapid eye movement sleep-specific neuronal activity is required for normal memory consolidation processes.
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Rapid eye movement sleep is a critical period in the sleep process of all mammals, including humans. With the development of brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, the quality of sleep usually becomes worse and worse. In particular, rapid eye movement sleep is often significantly interfered with in Alzheimer's disease, and according to the results of this study, this may be a direct cause of memory impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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