The study on the prevention and control of pepper diseases and insect pests believes that according to the reproductive characteristics of peppers, the ecological environment, and the occurrence and development rules of the diseases and insect pests, a flexible use of pesticide species, time, concentration and methods should be used to achieve effective control and economy, and ensure high yields of peppers.
The temperature and humidity in the protected area can be controlled by humans, and it can be easily sterilized and sterilized by high temperature or smoke after sealing. It is very convenient to prevent and treat insects, and the effect is also good. However, in accordance with the biological characteristics of pepper and the ecological environment at that time, the notes on the pruning of peppers mentioned in the precautions regarding the flexible use of the variety, time, concentration, and method of use of drugs can achieve both the control of diseases and insect pests, the saving of medicine, and the highest yield of peppers. purpose.
First, spray according to the metabolism of the plant
The metabolism of pepper requires a certain temperature to be completed on time. 70% of all photosynthetic products in the morning are synthesized in the morning and must be combined with higher temperature (25-30°C). The photosynthesis rate in the afternoon will be reduced. Nutrients will be transported during the operation, and both temperature and body consumption will be appropriately reduced, 5°C lower than in the morning. It is advisable that the nighttime plants are not all at rest, and the photosynthetic products in the first half of the night will all be transferred to the root base, redistributed to the stem growth points and fruits, and the nutrients shall be transported with the appropriate temperature (about 18°C). If the transport is not successful, the photosynthate should not be transported. Stay on the leaves, the leaves will be too large, fruit production decline; the latter part of the plant is only rest, physical activity is breathing, this is a process of nutrient consumption, the temperature should be lower, nutrient consumption is reduced, which will help increase production, such as pepper The flowering period is 12°C and the result period is 6~10°C.
Drugs have a deterrent and destructive effect on crops (photosynthesis and resumption of transportation), so they should be used as little or no medicine as possible during the vigorous photosynthesis period and during the strong nutrition transportation during the first half of the day in sunny days. In particular, cautious use of peppers should be used.
Second, according to the incidence of drug use
Before the application of pesticides, a certain disease or possible disease should be diagnosed. Do not mistake non-infectious diseases for invasive diseases. Do not use physiological diseases as non-physiological diseases for prevention and treatment. For example, if the temperature of greenhouse hot peppers is too low in the middle of the night, in the middle and lower photosynthetic flourishing leaves, because the “warehouse†full of photosynthetic products can not be carried away, and the leaves thicken and aging, physiological barriers appear, round bumpy spots appear on the leaves. Medication does not help.
Another example is the atrophy of the growing point, the yellowing of the middle leaf margin is a non-invasive physiological disease caused by water shortage, and has nothing to do with bacteria, fungi, viruses, and the use of drugs is naturally ineffective. When pests are quarantined, they first identify certain major insect pests that cause damage to the peppers, and then choose specific broad-spectrum insecticides to carry out comprehensive prevention and control of the target. Do not attempt to save time, and mix pesticides that cannot be used in a random manner. Do not use insecticides. Agents to treat diseases; do not use disease-preventing drugs to exterminate insects.
The pathogenic environment of bacterial diseases is high humidity and low temperature, and there are pathogenic bacteria; the pathogenic environment of fungal diseases is high temperature and suitable temperature (15~21°C), and there are pathogenic bacteria; the virus disease is in high temperature and drought environment, and most of them are transmitted by tick-borne viruses. Artificially controlling one or two conditions can reduce and prevent the occurrence of diseases. No disease conditions, crops with similar symptoms should consider other physiological barriers. Therefore, before spraying, it is necessary to distinguish the characteristics of the pests and the objects and properties of the pesticides, so that the right medicine can be prescribed.
Third, according to crop growth law medication
Seeds are mature and harvested when the plants are senescent, generally easy to bring the original bacteria, when the next species should be used hot water sterilization and disinfection. Seedlings of high-temperature, high-temperature and high-temperature disease conditions, coupled with the protection of land in the year with the kind of pepper, indoor soil bacteria, must be disinfected before sowing. In early spring, many plants are mainly controlled by temperature and low humidity to prevent and treat bacterial diseases. In the middle and late period, poor ventilation is suitable for prevention and treatment of fungal diseases. Summer nursery or postponed cultivation is mostly due to high temperature and drought to prevent and control viral diseases. Prevention of viral diseases to treat pests.
Fourth, according to the efficacy of the amount of medication
Disease prevention and control pesticides are mostly protective agents, and they should be used in advance to prevent them. The Chinese Agricultural Net staff said that they should be applied before or just before the onset of the disease. Exterminator pesticides are applied before or after the dung shed to exterminate underground pests in the protected area. It is easy to cause phytotoxicity by the use of more toxic insecticides during the growth period of peppers, and the toxicity is small and the amount is small and the effect is poor. The above-ground pests are used during the eclosion and preemergence. The older pests have strong resistance to insects, and they also have certain avoidance abilities. The control effects are poor. If the borers are applied too late, the insects have penetrated into the fruits and are difficult to eliminate.
Prior to dispensing, the period of validity of pesticides should be first sighted. Newly-released pesticides should be formulated with a maximum of water, and pesticides that are near the expiration date should have a minimum of water. Concentration should not be too large, such as Xie Leike, B, Al, etc. The effect of large concentration is rather poor, both a waste of medicine, but also easy to burn plants. In addition, it is necessary to look at the type of pesticide containing the active ingredient. Do not spray the pesticide containing 80% of the active ingredient by mistake at the concentration of 40%, and do not put the content of 5%. Pesticides are applied to water at a content of 50%. It is more appropriate to apply pesticides in a single variety, and the amount of pesticides that can be mixed can be reduced by half, and the combination of internal absorption and contact toxicity should be good.
Fifth, timely application according to the temperature and humidity
There is a great deal of temperature difference in the protected area and high humidity. When spraying, the temperature is controlled at about 20°C. When the leaves are not exposed to water, the liquid is easy to grow on the leaves. After the water evaporates quickly, the liquid forms a film, which has good curative effect and long maintenance time. Do not spray in the afternoon or early evening after a rainy or cloudy day or just after watering. Therefore, when the leaves of the crops spew water, spit water accounts for about 75% of the dew, and it is easy to flush the liquid and fail. Some growers can use dust or aerosols in their cultivation techniques. Do not use medicine in hot season (temperature exceeds 30°C), otherwise the leaves will be vulnerable to aging. High temperature, dry, weak seedlings should be used at low concentrations. General disease or disease, should be sprayed 2 times, interval 6 to 7 days, rainy days as long as the room temperature above 20 °C, spray control. After spraying, the combination of dust application is better. In general, the spraying focuses on the back of the leaf, and the old calcified leaves spray less to protect the middle and small new leaves. The amount of spray is based on the foliar medicine. Do not overdosage the leaves and the liquid will be discharged. This is a waste of medicine and the effect is poor. It is advisable to apply the disease to individual strains. When the disease is serious, it is appropriate to use a combination of spray and smoke (spray first, spray dust again or spray aerosol). In disease prevention and management, we mainly use humidity and moisture to reduce the amount of spray and the frequency of spraying, which can not only control the occurrence and harm of diseases and insect pests in the protected areas, but also save the amount of medication and produce pollution-free chili products.
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