In general, the causes of rotten fruit can be divided into three categories. One is moldy rot caused by microbial infestation, the other is mechanical injury caused by bumping, and the third is frostbite caused by low temperature.
Moldy fruit is not edible
The most frequently occurring fruit is Penicillium sp., which is represented by Penicillium sp., and the patulin produced by it will cause disorders such as gastrointestinal disorders and kidney edema in animals, and because the binding process of patulin to the cell membrane is irreversible. , it will cause long-term damage to the cells, and may even cause cancer. The median lethal dose for oral administration in mice is: 46.3 mg/kg body weight for males and 29–48 mg/kg body weight for females.
Special attention should be paid to the fact that it is not always safe to remove moldy parts before they are eaten because the phenacillin produced by the mold can spread to other parts of the fruit. A survey by the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine found that the content of patulin in normal appearance on moldy apples is 10-50% of that in moldy parts. The penicillin content of apples in normal parts may be as high as 3 mg/kg.
We also often encounter some taste of fruit. For example, long-lasting apples exude flavor. This is because fruits (especially apples) may undergo anaerobic respiration during long-term storage because of lack of oxygen, converting the sugars inside the apple into alcohol. If there is no obvious abnormality in appearance, the taste is still acceptable, or it can be eaten. However, apples that have become soft and have a dark, wine-like taste are likely to have other harmful bacteria. Such fruits should be treated according to mildew.
Rotten fruit is not bad part is also toxic
After the fruit has rotted, just dig out the rot and eat it? Yesterday, nutrition experts from Nanjing Medical University told the reporter that this practice is not correct. According to data, toxins can still be detected in normal flesh at a distance of 1 cm from the decayed part.
The reporter learned that many people, for the sake of convenience, buy large quantities of fruit and then store it at home. In the end, even if it is found that the fruit is a little rot, it is not willing to discard. Only the bad parts are dug out and eaten. There are also some restaurants, in order to save costs, to buy some fruit at a low price to the fruit shop, dig up the rotten parts, and then do the results of the disk, sales or gifts to customers.
The expert said that fruit is just like the human body. As long as moldy decay occurs, various microorganisms, especially various fungi, will continue to multiply in rotting fruit and produce a large amount of toxic substances during the breeding process. These toxic substances continue to permeate and diffuse from the decayed part through the fruit juice to the non-perishable part, resulting in the unreplaced part also containing the metabolites of the microorganisms. "People eat mycotoxins in rotten fruits and may experience dizziness, headaches, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, and severe convulsions, coma and life-threatening."
Experts have pointed out in this regard that in order to be healthy, the fruit should be bright, fresh, scented, and fresh. If there is a small spot or a small amount of moth, use a knife to dig out the good fruit at or above the rot worm spot more than 1 cm; if the area of ​​mildew rot or moth reaches or exceeds 1/3 of the fruit, it should be thrown decisively. Lost to prevent future problems.
Other injuries can be eaten short-term: mechanical damage
Mechanical damage is the most common. The softened parts, just because of the collision, caused cell damage and cytoplasm overflow. At the same time, due to cell damage, some colorless polyphenols are converted into darker quinones, making the wound appear to have a particular color. The purely bruised rotten apple will only give people a sense of dissatisfaction. As long as the food is eaten within a short time after the collision, such "bad fruit" will not affect our health.
Other injuries can be eaten short-term: cryogenic frostbite
Under low temperature conditions, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in bananas decreases dramatically, and intracellular free radicals cannot be cleared in time. The more and more free radicals change the permeability of the cell membrane and destroy the cell structure. On the other hand, low temperature can also increase the activity of pectin esterase, which decomposes insoluble pectin and makes banana tissue soft. The peels of bananas in the refrigerator will also turn black because the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the skin will polymerize the naturally occurring phenols in the banana peels into polyphenols, a polyphenol that is associated with human skin. Melanin-like substances. In addition, after the cell membrane of the banana peel is damaged, dopamine is released. Under the action of oxidase, this substance reacts with oxygen in the air to generate a brown substance. As a result, bananas became black and soft and unbearable. The surface of the cucumber in the refrigerator is also prone to water stains, which is also due to the low temperature affecting the function of the cell membrane as a “wall†and eventually causing cell necrosis.
How to prevent rotten fruit entrance
Health law enforcement personnel reminded the public that eating fruit should choose bright skin with bright skin, fresh flesh, scent, and fresh fruit. If the area of ​​moldy rot or infestation reaches or exceeds one-third of the fruit, it should be rejected.
In the case of fruit juices, one must look at the color. The pure fruit juice should have a color similar to that of fresh fruit. If the color is particularly deep, it means that the pigment is too much. It is a fake product that has been added with artificial additives; the second is the smell, the pure fruit juice. With the fragrance of fruit, the fake juice products smell sour and astringent; the third is to take a little taste, pure juice tastes the flavor of fresh fruit, and inferior products are often unnatural.
Juice does not replace fruit
The elderly and children drink a small amount of juice can help digestion, moisten the intestines, and supplement the lack of nutrients in the diet.
If adults can not guarantee a reasonable diet, it can be considered a good way to add some nutrition by drinking juice. Some people do not like to drink boiled water. The sweet-tasting juices can increase their drinking water and ensure the body's need for water. It is indeed a good thing. Fruit juice retains a lot of nutrients in fruits, such as vitamins, minerals, sugars, and pectin in dietary fiber, and tastes better than ordinary boiled water. Compared to water and carbonated drinks, juice does have a considerable advantage.
However, the reason why most fruit juices are “drinking†is because of the addition of seasonings such as sugar, sweeteners, sour materials, and spices. Need to remind everyone is: There is a considerable gap between the nutrition and fruit juice, do not confuse the two, fruit juice can not completely replace fruit.
First of all, the fruit juice contains essentially no cellulose in the fruit;
Second, the process of mashing and pressing causes some of the easily oxidized vitamins in fruits to be destroyed;
Third, the absence of a certain nutrient (such as cellulose) in fruit can adversely affect the overall nutritional effect;
Fourth, some additives in the process of fruit juice production are bound to affect the nutritional quality of fruit juices, such as sweeteners, preservatives, coagulants that make the juice clear, and additives that prevent juice from discoloring;
Fifth, the heated sterilization method also damages the nutrients of the fruit. Therefore, for people who can eat fresh fruits, the whole fruit is always the best choice for nutrition.
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