Recently, scientists have discovered new gene mutations that can promote the survival of cancer cells. Through further research, we can clearly understand how some cancer cells resist treatment. The relevant research results were published in the "PLOS ONE" magazine on March 23.
"All cancers are caused by genetic damage, which is also a mutation that controls the vital genes of the cell's life," said the author of the article, Dr. Lucio Miele, Professor of Genetics and Chair of the Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans. The mutated genes that survive are called 'driver' mutations."
This time, the researchers performed targeted out-sequencing of solid tumors in 44 patients with solid tumors (including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, sarcomas, etc.), established according to two different algorithms. The driver mutations and assumptions of new drivers are classified. The established drivers detected are consistent with published observations. However, in each type of tumor studied, the team also detected a large number of unprecedented mutations in the driving potential. These putative drivers are key cell fate regulatory networks and contain potential drug development pathways.
Dr. Lucio Miele said, “If this observation is confirmed, they will support the hypothesis of selecting new driver mutations for treatment in clinically invasive tumors and indicate that longitudinal genomic testing of solid tumors is required to guide second-line cancer therapy.â€
No two cancers are genetically identical, even if it is the same organ that looks identical under the microscope. In some cases, researchers found evidence that an individual's cancer evolved two or even three driving factors in the same gene, suggesting that multiple cancer cell clones have evolved different ways to mutate in the same tumor. A particularly important gene. Many of these new gene mutations are dependent on functional pathways and can be targeted with existing drugs.
Dr. Miele said: "These findings mean that before the evolution of new mutations in cancer, genomic testing should be done as soon as possible to optimize the treatment and retest recurring cancers, because their driving mutations may be different from when they were diagnosed."
With this information, treatment can be carried out on the basis of ever-evolving genomic images of each type of cancer - a sign of precision medicine.
"We are working towards a goal that will not bring patients catastrophic news that chemotherapy will not be effective due to cancer relapse," concluded Dr. Miele.
Original title: PLOS ONE: Scientists Find Some "Key Secrets" of Cancer Recurrence
References:
Advanced Cancers Display New Possible Driver Mutations Never Described Before
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