Spring is a key period for wheat growth and a frequent period of occurrence of pests and diseases, so one of the focuses of spring management of wheat pest control. Next, let's take a look at the prevention and control methods of spring wheat pests and diseases.
1. Pest control in wheat sowing period
According to the characteristics of wheat pests and diseases, we will carry out pest control, and throughout the whole growth cycle, adhere to the main points of prevention and treatment, to reduce the incidence of wheat pests and diseases, and reduce production impact. Henan Province is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The latitude is between 31.23° and 36.22° north latitude. The province's climatic zone spans the warm temperate zone to the subtropical zone, which is a humid to semi-humid monsoon climate. The Nanyang area is mainly dominated by winter wheat. During the planting period, it mainly faces pests such as midge, blight, and underground pests.
In order to enhance the disease resistance of wheat, an excellent winter wheat variety such as Luomai 21 was selected, with an average yield of more than 710 kg, and the wheat seeds were required to be full. Scientific breeding of selected wheat and wheat species, according to the local sunshine conditions in Henan, sufficient sunshine, can be sun-dried from 9:00 to 4:00 pm, and the surface bacteria of the seeds are eliminated by ultraviolet rays. After sun-breeding, seed dressing or coating can be used to enhance the ability of wheat to resist powdery mildew, smut, and sheath blight. The commonly selected seed dressing agent is 1 g of 15% triazolone wettable powder per kg. Mixing 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate with water and stirring evenly in a certain ratio can effectively reduce the occurrence of cockroaches. At the same time, it also has a good preventive effect on the treatment of cockroaches and golden worms; the above is the prevention and control measures for the seeds. It is also possible to take relevant control measures on the soil. For example, in the area where the larvae are seriously irritated, 30~45kg/hm 3% of phoxim granules or 3% of methyl sulphate can be added per 375kg of mixed sand or cinder. The phosphorus granules are evenly stirred and then sprinkled into the soil when the floor is turned to achieve the purpose of prevention. Seed coating is also an effective measure to control pests and diseases, and is selected according to the type of local pests and diseases. Commonly used coating agents are 6% grams of Fu·Penta dry powder seed coating agent or 17% more Fufu suspension seed coating agent (including Carbide). Different seed dressings and coating agents have different degrees of prevention and control of diseases, and high-incidence pests should be selected for targeted prevention and treatment.
The stems and leaves of winter wheat are tender and have weak resistance to pests and diseases. After sowing, they are prone to outbreak of larvae, wheat spiders and sheath blight. According to the survey, the highest incidence of wheat in the past few years is the sheath blight, which seriously affects the yield of wheat, especially for high-yield plots. Studies have shown that the main reason for this phenomenon is that people have misunderstandings in the prevention and control of the seasons. People have not paid enough attention to the anti-fog spray method, and at the same time have not mastered the correct time for prevention and control, which led to the pattern. More signs of blight. Therefore, it is important to take corrective measures at the right time. Specifically, the following measures can be taken: spraying about 5% of Jinggangmycin 2260~3000m L/hm to 1130~1500kg of water on the basic part of the wheat stem at intervals of 12~15d and then spraying for the second time can effectively prevent sheath blight. Spraying about 40% of methylisophosphorus or about 50% of phoxim 600~750m L/hm on the base of wheat stem can effectively control underground pests; about 73% of Crohn's EC is 1500~2000 times Liquid spray can effectively control wheat spiders. Where the incidence of the larvae is more serious, when the larvae move to the surface of the soil, the methyl isoflavone emulsifiable concentrate of about 2260~3000m L/hm is added to the appropriate amount of water and 375kg of fine soil to form the toxic soil, and evenly spread into the mellon. In the middle and shallow sputum, add the medicinal watering for re-control; or 300 kg of fine soil and about 3% of methyl isoflavone granules 30 kg/hm can be evenly spread on the surface of the soil.
2. Pest control in wheat heading stage
Winter wheat is more capable of absorbing phosphate, so it begins to divide in the three-leaf stage. The winter in Henan Province is humid, and it is easy to cause related diseases and insect pests such as scab, stripe rust, midie, powdery mildew and leaf blight. The heading stage has a key impact on the growth and development of wheat. Once the pests and diseases break out at the heading stage, the damage caused cannot be measured. Prevention and control at the heading stage is mainly carried out by means of growth regulators or insecticides and fungicides. This method is economical and effective, and can strictly control the occurrence of pests and diseases to achieve the purpose of increasing production. Adding 50 grams of 12.5% ​​diniconazole to 40 kg of water and spraying it on the leaf surface can effectively prevent wheat diseases and insect pests such as powdery mildew and leaf blight. In the prevention and control of wheat scab, special attention must be paid because it can control the time at the heading stage, and it can be used for prevention and treatment when the heading reaches 70% to 5 days before the flowering. Use 100g of 70% methyl thiophanate or 60g of 25% tebuconazole wettable powder per mu to spray 40 kg of water evenly on wheat wheat ears for spray control, if continuous rain occurs during this period In the case of emergency prevention, it is necessary to carry out secondary prevention and control after seven days. For places with more serious disasters, 40 kg of water per mu should be mixed with 100 g of high-quality micro-fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate for spraying control.
3. Pest control in wheat filling stage
The wheat filling period is the last prevention and control work before wheat harvest. In the grain filling stage of wheat, the main pests are wheat ears, rust, leaf blight, powdery mildew and other related diseases and insect pests. For the prevention and control of pests and diseases during the filling period, measures for comprehensive prevention and control of one-time spraying can be adopted. 40g of 25% tebuconazole wettable powder + 50g 2.5% of cyhalothrin + 100g of high-quality potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 6g of 0.01% brassinolide + 50kg of water per mu of land Spray evenly on the wheat. It can achieve the comprehensive control of pests and diseases and improve the immunity of wheat, and increase the yield and disease resistance of wheat. In addition to the above pests and diseases, the wheat black embryo phenomenon will also have a serious impact on the quality and yield of wheat. 50 g of 12.5% ​​straw WP + 40 kg of water can be sprayed per mu of land for treatment.
In addition to good control of pests and diseases in key periods such as wheat sowing, heading, and grouting, other control measures can be taken, such as wheat ear mites, which are high-infested pests in Henan, and their pests are mainly in the late stage of wheat growth, after wheat heading. The peak stage of the damage, in the wheat leaf, wheat stalk and leaf sheath position, is the main area of ​​wheat aphid colonization, and then sucks the young tissue juice of wheat, which harms the normal growth of wheat. If there is a dense aphid in the wheat field, the normal photosynthesis of wheat will be disturbed, resulting in yellowing of the leaves of the wheat, poor growth of the plants, and eventually death. In the prevention and control of wheat aphids, new varieties of winter wheat with strong disease resistance can be selected first. Because the old varieties have weak disease resistance, their genes are easily affected. Secondly, in the planting process, the farmland can be deeply ploughed and dried to completely eliminate the deep source of the soil. At the same time, through drug control, 50% anti-Converse WP 4000 times solution, 50% phoxim EC 2000 times solution and 10% imidacloprid 1000 times solution can achieve good control effect. . In addition, it is required to establish a reliable pest and disease prevention monitoring system in the region, and form a pest prevention and control network with provincial, municipal, county and township structure to carry out early disaster prevention and control, and conduct scientific research on high-risk diseases in recent years. .
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