Summer pepper anti-"three falls"

Fallen leaves, fallen flowers, and fallen fruit are called "three falls" of peppers, and they are prone to occur during the summer heat and high humidity seasons. Light plant growth was impeded, and flowering results were small. In severe cases, a large number of leaves and flowers and fruit were shed, and even the whole leaves fell and the plants withered. The effect on yield was greater. There are many reasons for the “three falls” of peppers. The farmers should diagnose the causes of the disease scientifically and take effective measures to prevent and control them.

I. Causes of "Three Falling" Peppers

1. Insufficient soil fertility. When the soil is thin, and fertilization is insufficient, soil nutrients can not meet the needs of the growth and development of the pepper, the lower leaves prematurely fall off. When the soil is deficient in boron, it is easy to cause flowers to be unreal, resulting in falling buds.

2. Moisture barriers. Drought in the soil will reduce the respiratory function of the roots, close the stomata of the leaves, inhibit photosynthesis, and finally cause "three falls" due to insufficient nutrients. Rainfall is too large, or rain occurs after irrigation, and water accumulates in the field, resulting in lack of oxygen in the root system, affecting the absorption of water and nutrients, and easily causing "three falls."

3. Insufficient light. When the peppers are in continuous cloudy and rainy weather during the growth period, resulting in insufficient light, or when the density is too large and the growth is too busy, the middle and lower leaves overlap each other, affecting the light, and the leaves will yellow and fall off.

4. The temperature is too high. The temperature is too high, the respiration of the plant is enhanced, and the energy consumption is high, which can easily accelerate the yellowing of leaves. When the temperature is higher than 35°C, the pepper cannot be fertilized. When the ground temperature is higher than 30°C, damage to the root system can easily cause flowering.

5. Severe disease. Diseases such as scab, leaf blight, root rot, virus disease, epidemic disease, anthrax, etc. also easily cause "three falls" of pepper.

Second, pepper "three falls" prevention and control measures

1. Fitness training. The use of sorghum cultivation, improve soil permeability; reasonable dense planting, ridging the timely removal of the old leaves, to improve the ventilation and light conditions in the field; timely removal of diseased leaves, fruit, reduce the incidence of disease; generally without watering before dressing fruit, control Nutrient growth, promote reproductive growth.

2. Reasonable fertilization. Pepper requires more phosphorus and potassium, organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added, and nitrogen fertilizer should be used in an appropriate amount. The flower and fruit period is the period when the most fertilizer and water are needed. Generally, 10-15 kilograms of urea are applied per acre, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are insufficiently used in the early stage, and then some phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used. In combination with pest control, 0.15% borax can be added to reduce the occurrence of “three falls”. The roots of the late peppers are aging, and attention is paid to foliar supplements such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea.

3. Watering and draining. The flower and fruit period is the period when the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of peppers go hand in hand. It cannot be short of water, especially in case of drought, it must be watered in time. When watering, it is necessary to pay attention to pouring small water and avoid flooding to prevent flooding. Immediately after the heavy rain, drain the water and pour well water to cool and change the air and protect the roots from premature aging.

4. Application of anti-dropping agent. According to the temperature level, different concentrations of anti-dropping flower spray. In principle, when the temperature is high, the concentration is low, and when the temperature is low, the concentration is high. Generally, the concentration is 30 to 40 mg/kg. Do not spray it again, and use it on a rainy day or in the evening.

5. Disease prevention. Generally can be sprayed with 0.3% copper sulfate solution before and after budding 2 or 3 times to play a protective role.

Scab disease can be sprayed with 72% of streptomycin soluble powder 3000 times or 90% neomycin-containing soluble powder 4000 times spray every 7 to 10 days, and spray 2 or 3 times.

The early stage of leaf blight can be controlled by spraying 50% benomyl WP 1000 times or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, spraying once every 10-15 days, and spraying 2 or 3 times.

In the initial stage of root rot, spraying with 50% carbendazim WP 500 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times, spraying 50 liter of liquid per acre and spraying once every 10 days Continuous irrigation 2 to 3 times.

At the beginning of the epidemic disease, 72.2% Preclosure 1000 times solution or 70% Kelu wettable powder 600-700 times solution can be sprayed and sprayed, spraying once every 7-10 days, and spraying 2 or 3 times.

Anthracnose can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times, 50% anthraquinone WP WP 300 to 400 times or 70% thiophanate WP 400 times, every 7 to 10 times. One day spray, even spray 2 to 3 times.

Virus disease should pay attention to locust control to prevent locust transmission. In the early stage of viral disease, 20% of virus A WP can be sprayed and treated with 500 times liquid. According to the condition, spray once every 7 to 10 days, continuous control of 2 to 3 times.

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