First, the sowing date selection
Melon is a rainwater crop. In the rainy area, the cultivation of sweet melon can achieve high quality, high yield and high efficiency. The sowing period is especially important. In the area south of the Huaihe River, place the fruit and maturity as much as possible before the rainy season. For example, the sowing date in the Jianghuai area is suitable for the nursery in the upper and middle of February to the beginning of March. The sowing date of the two provinces, Hainan and Yungui can be more Early; autumn extension cultivation is suitable for planting from early July to July 25, as the Jianghuai area enters September, the autumn is high, the sunshine is sufficient, the temperature difference between day and night is increased, the air is dry, especially suitable for the fruiting and ripening of melon, and autumn Melon is not only of good quality, but also has a long storage time and significant economic benefits.
Second, the variety selection
For open field cultivation, you must choose early-maturing thin-skin melon varieties that are resistant to moisture, easy-to-seat, and adaptable, such as Fengtian No.1, Jinfengtian, Yuhuang Prince, Ruixue, Jinmandi, and all kinds of thin-skinned melons. Still can't be cultivated in the open field.
Third, colonization
In the rainy areas south of the Huaihe River, the temperature and ground temperature in the early spring are low, and the cold springs are frequent. It is easy to cause cold damage and freezing damage to the early planting melon seedlings. Therefore, generally, the melon seedlings planted before the Qingming period before the Qingming period generally adopt simple protection measures. If the bamboo bow shed is covered with double lines or covered with double mulch, it can promote the growth of seedlings, achieve the purpose of early fruit setting, early harvesting and multi-creative benefit. In the northern region, when the soil temperature is stable above 15 °C, it is planted in a small arch shed or a mulch covered with plastic film.
1. Land selection (with the cultivation technology of melon protection)
2, fertilization (with the cultivation technology of melon protection)
3, when the planting seedling grows to 3-4 true leaves, when the seedling age is 25-35 days,
Choose sunny weather and colonize. In the area south of the Huaihe River, due to more precipitation and greater air humidity, it is suitable for ventilation. It is suitable for single row planting. The plant spacing is 35-40cm. There is less rainwater in the north of the Huaihe River. The air humidity is small, and it can be planted in two rows. The plant spacing is 40-50cm. , triangular colonization. After planting, the rooting water is poured and the mulch is laid. If the temperature is still lower than 15 °C, a small arch shed can be added to the small ridge to keep warm.
Due to the high temperature, the seedling age should not be too large. It should be planted in the heart of the melon seedlings. The seedling age is 10-15 days. After the planting, the rooting water is poured, and the new seed is formed after 2-3 days. It is best to use silver ash film. In order to prevent high temperature burning, a layer of grass can be covered on the mulch to reduce the temperature inside the film.
Fourth, field management
Pruning
Pruning can promote the early results of melon, fruit development is good, reducing nutrient waste, improving quality and fruit commerciality. Open field cultivation, picking the heart when the melon seedling grows to 4-6 true leaves, and choose 2 or 3 strong vines when the vine grows to about 250px, the remaining vines are removed as soon as possible, one-way vine, 5 In the -8 section, Sun Manliu left the fruit, and the sun vines in front of the fruit node were removed as soon as possible to promote the fruit setting, and the fruit was plucked with two leaves to promote the ovary hypertrophy. If for some reason there is no female flower in the vine, immediately pick the heart and grow the sun vine, and the management method is the same as the vine. The whole branch should be selected on a sunny day to prevent disease, such as rainy days, the pruning should be done after the dew is dry, and at the same time sprayed with medicine to prevent disease.
2, leave the fruit
Melon is more susceptible to fruit, and if appropriate, each plant can hold 3-6 fruits. If there is continuous low temperature and rain during the fruiting period, artificial pollination should be carried out at this time, or “Zuoguoling†should be used before the female flower is opened to promote fruit setting. When the fruit grows in size, the fruit will be thinned in time, and the cultivated cultivation will retain 2-4 fruits per plant. The selected young fruit has a fruit shape (with typical trait characteristics), strong growth potential and bright color, and removes excess fruit, malformed fruit and worm fruit as early as possible, and removes some unsuccessful branches according to plant growth. And the roots of the old leaves, in order to facilitate ventilation and light, reduce disease occurrence and nutrient waste to promote rapid expansion of the fruit.
3. Fertilizer management
In the rainy areas, there is no shortage of water in general, but in the following periods, attention should be paid to controlling the timely supply of water:
a. At the beginning of the vine, in order to promote the growth of the seedlings, the water can be irrigated once;
b. seedlings, when the melon grows to 0.4-0.5m, the water should be properly controlled to carry out seedlings to promote root growth. The leaves of the melon seedlings (especially the young leaves near the growing point) change to dark green, and the grass in the sunny day a small water to ensure the water demand during the fruit setting period;
c. The whole flowering and fruiting period should be as low as possible without water and fertilizer to control plant growth and promote fruit setting;
d. During the whole fruit expansion period, the irrigation requirements should be sufficient and uniform (drip irrigation, furrow irrigation, non-flooding), do not suddenly dry and wet; in the early stage of fruit expansion, the demand for fertilizer water increases sharply, then combine irrigation, acre Ternary compound fertilizer (15:15:15) 20kg, potassium sulfate 5-10kg and a small amount of micro-fertilizer (also foliar spray fertilizer) in the middle and late stages of fruit expansion (about 15 days after fruit setting), the plants showed insufficient fertility (such as root leaves) Slightly yellowing, 0.3% of compound fertilizer can be sprayed every 2-3 days to prevent premature senescence and improve quality. After the fruit is over, until the ripening, stop the supply of fertilizer and water, prevent the cracking of the fruit, and cut off the old leaves and diseased leaves, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and improve the quality.
V. Harvesting
The hairs fall off and give off aroma. The varieties that are exported or need to be transported over long distances are harvested before the fruit is completely converted, and the local fresh sells should be harvested when it is fully mature.
Sixth, pest control
1. Disease prevention
Melon has strong resistance to vegetative growth. It only causes changes in the direction of nutrient distribution after fruit setting, or causes various diseases due to excessive humidity and deficiency. On the one hand, it should pass. The cultivation method minimizes the occurrence of diseases, such as disinfection in the shed before planting and application of organic fertilizer. Adjust soil structure and pH, lay drip irrigation in the film, strictly pruning, increase ventilation and light, reduce air humidity and other measures to reduce the incidence of disease; on the other hand, if disease occurs, drug prevention should be carried out in time.
2. Pest control
Melon greenhouses cultivate more insect pests, especially root-knot nematodes, aphids, tigers, melon flies, melons and leaf miners are seriously harmful. A little carelessness will cause devastating disasters, and prevention and control should be strengthened. Externally laying insect-proof nets, disinfecting in the shed, and fully decomposing organic fertilizers to reduce the source of insects; on the other hand, if the above-mentioned pests occur, timely prevention and control should be carried out.
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