Doing Prevention and Cure of Bacterial Perforation in Peach

Bacterial perforation of peach is a common bacterial disease. It occurs in all peach producing areas, especially in badly drained orchards or in rainy years. If the control is not timely, it often causes a large number of leaf perforation, early fall, and weakening. Tree vigor affects the formation of flower buds, reduces production, and causes serious economic losses.

First, the harm symptoms

The main damage leaves, but also harm the fruit and shoots.

Leafy sensations, mostly occurring near the leaf veins, initially as water-stained light brown spots, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, later gradually expanding to near-circular or irregular purple-brown to dark brown lesions, 2-3 in diameter In millimeters, there are water-stained yellowish-green halos around the lesions, cracks on the edges, and finally dried and detached to form perforations. The edges of the lesions are not neat. In severe cases, the perforations are contiguous and form large nicks or holes. When the air is wet, the diseased department often overflows with yellow sap, the yellow bacterium source, eventually causing the leaves to fall off prematurely.

The spring and autumn new shoots are susceptible, forming spring and summer ulcers. Spring ulcers occurred on the shoots produced in the previous summer. When the first new leaves emerged in the spring, dark brownish herpes were formed on the shoots. The diameter was about 2 mm, and it expanded 1-10 cm later. The width did not exceed the diameter of the shoots. Half of the time, when the lesions circle around, the branches will die. In the late spring, the epidermis of the lesions ruptured and the bacteria overflowed and spread. Summer ulcers occurred more in summer than in late summer. On the shoots of the year, peltholes were the center, forming water-stained dark purple spots, round or oval, and then expanded to brown to purple-black patches, slightly sunken and sick. The outer edge of the spot is water-stained and has resinous secretions. It cracks when dry and is dead when severe. The lesions of summer ulcers are not easy to spread and will dry quickly, so the spread is not significant.

The fruit is sick. The young fruit had no obvious lesion on the affected fruit surface, but the fruit was in a stiff fruit shape and remained in the tree and no longer inflated. The young fruit eventually dried up and became dark brown and necrotic, but remained suspended in the tree. During the late and middle period of fruit growth, the lesions were water-stained, light brown, round spots, with a diameter of about 1 mm. They gradually expanded and became dark purple or dark brown. The center was slightly sunken and the yellow-white mucus overflowed from the lesions when wet. , can also produce irregular cracks, lesions for a long time together, cracking the fruit surface. Under humid conditions, it is vulnerable to infection by other saprophytic bacteria, leading to fruit rot and severely affecting fruit quality and yield.

Second, the infection cycle and conditions

Bacterial bacterial perforation bacteria in the shoot disease tissue, deciduous overwintering, mainly in the spring ulcer lesions overwintering, so the spring branch ulcers as the main source of primary infection. In the spring, bacteria that lurk in the diseased tissue begin to move as the temperature rises. When the temperature is 15°C (before and after the peach blossoms), pathogenic bacteria overflow from the ulcer, spread by wind, rain, insects, from the leaves stomata, shoot buds and fruit The skin hole invaded. The optimum temperature for bacterial development is 24°C-28°C, which is usually onset in May and wintering on the victim's shoots from October to November.

The disease is slow in summer drought and begins to infect in the late rainy season. According to records, the bacteria incubation period varies depending on the temperature and the tree vigor. The incubation period is 8 days at 30°C, 4-5 days at 25°C-26°C, 9 days at 20°C, and 16 days at 19°C. When the tree vigor is weak 4-5 days, when the tree vigor is strong, the incubation period can be as long as 30-40 days. The incubation period for young fruit is 14-20 days.

The weather is warm, rainy or foggy; the disease is severe; tree vigor is weak, and drainage and ventilation are poor. Peach gardens are heavily affected by nitrogenous fertilizers; when the pests are serious, the pathogens invade from the wounds and the disease is severe; the varieties are different, and the degree of disease is different. , Feicheng Peach, Baifeng, Shanghai Shui Mi, Bai Tao, Qiu Yulu and other diseases are more serious, cold exposed honey, Okubo, and the early birth of the warehouse and other lighter incidence.

Third, control methods

1. Choose plant resistant varieties. You can use Okubo, Hanlu honey and Cangfang early-born and other varieties.

2. To strengthen the integrated management of orchards. 1 Do not establish Taoyuan in high or low groundwater levels. 2 In the winter and early spring, do a clean garden work, combine pruning to cut away dead branches and diseased shoots, clean up fallen leaves, fruit droppings, and weeds in a timely manner and burn them in a concentrated manner to eliminate the source of overwintering bacteria. 3 increase organic fertilizer, combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, to avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, while paying attention to the application of trace elements, and foliar spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3-4 times to strong tree vigor. 4 The winter cut should be reasonable, and the summer cut should be timely and moderate. When pruning, the amount of dredges should be appropriately increased to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions, so as to promote the robust growth of the trees and improve the disease resistance. 5 The orchard should pay attention to drainage and reduce air humidity. For Taoyuan, which has a relatively high air humidity, weeds can be planted on the ground in the orchard. Utilizing characteristics such as strong water absorption and high potassium content in the ash, the air humidity in the garden can be reduced, and potassium fertilizer can be added to the plants. 6 Fruit trees such as apricots, plums and cherries should be avoided near Taoyuan.

3. Spray protection in time. 1 In addition to spraying 3-5 Baume degree lime sulfur or 45% crystal lime sulfur 30 times before the germination of the tree branches, after germination can be used 72% of agricultural streptomycin sulfate 3000 times or 3% grams Yekang wettable powder 1000 times for prevention; or 65% wettable agent zinc, carbendazim 300-500 times liquid spray canopy; or spray oil emulsion: mancozeb: water according to 10:1:500 In addition to the specific effects on bacterial perforation, the proportioned mixture can effectively control aphids, scale insects, leafhoppers and other pests. 2 After the flowering young fruit period, spray 3% Kezikang wettable powder 600-800 times or zinc sulfate lime liquid (zinc sulfate: hydrated lime: water = 1:4:240), spray once every 10-15 days, Even spray 2-3 times, can be used interchangeably with thiophanate-methyl, benomyl, carbendazim and other fungicides. 3 For peaches that grow more vigorously, spraying or applying paclobutrazol on the soil can significantly reduce the risk of bacterial perforation.

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