(three) pear
1. Fertilization problems and fertilization principles
For the production of pears, the application of organic fertilizer is less, the content of organic matter is lower, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is low, the input of potassium fertilizer and medium and trace elements is less, the fertilization period, fertilization method and fertilizer ratio are unreasonable, and the soil of calcium and iron in pear garden The lack of trace elements in zinc and boron is common, especially in the soils of pear orchards in the south, such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium deficiency, and serious soil acidification. The following fertilization principles are proposed:
(1) Increasing the application of organic fertilizer, implementing green manure in the orchard, covering the straw, and fertilizing the soil; applying lime and organic fertilizer to improve the orchard with serious soil acidification;
(2) According to the soil fertility conditions of pear garden and the growth status of pear trees, appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, increase the application of potassium fertilizer, and supplement the trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and boron by foliar spraying;
(3) Combining high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques, yield levels and soil fertility conditions, determine the fertilizer application period, dosage and element ratio;
(4) Optimize the fertilization method, change the application to the strip application or point application, reasonably cooperate with irrigation and fertilization, and adjust the fertilizer with water.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Orchard with an output of more than 4000 kg per mu: organic fertilizer 3~4 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 20~25 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8~12 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 15~25 kg /mu;
(2) Orchard with an output of 2000~4000 kg per mu: organic fertilizer 2~3 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15~20 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8~12 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 15~20 Kg/mu;
(3) Orchard with an output of less than 2000 kg: organic fertilizer 2~3 square/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10~15 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8~12 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 10~15 kg /mu;
For orchards with less soil calcium and magnesium, calcium phosphate fertilizer should be used for phosphate fertilizer; orchards lacking iron, zinc and boron can be sprayed with ferrous sulfate, 0.3% zinc sulfate, 0.2 by concentration of 0.3%~0.5%. %~0.5% borax is corrected. According to the application amount of organic fertilizer, increase or decrease the amount of nitrogen and potassium in the fertilizer as appropriate.
All organic fertilizers, all phosphate fertilizers, 50% to 60% nitrogen fertilizers, and 40% potassium fertilizers were used as the base fertilizers in autumn after harvesting. The remaining 40% to 50% nitrogen fertilizers and 60% potassium fertilizers were in the germination period of March. And the application period of the expansion period from June to July, according to the strength of the pear tree potential can increase or decrease the number and dosage of top dressing.
This article URL: 2015 autumn and winter pear tree science fertilization guidance
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