This year's garlic prices are not very good, so starting next year, garlic farmers in addition to appropriate reduction of planting area, but also to ensure that their own garlic quality is better. The following Hui Nong network Xiaobian will take you to learn a high-yield cultivation management technology of garlic.
1 Fertilization
Garlic does not require strict soil texture, so it is better to choose fertile loam that is loose and breathable, water and fertilizer, and rich in organic matter. Spring sowing garlic is generally to be deeply ploughed before winter before harvesting. Before ploughing, it is necessary to apply organic fertilizer and turn it into the soil.
2 sowing
2.1 kinds of garlic selection and treatment
The size of the species of petals is very good and has a great influence on the formation of product organs. Therefore, according to the morphological characteristics of the variety at the time of harvesting, first select the plants in the field, choose the head, and select the petals again before sowing, and pick out the garlic stalk which is fat and disease-free and is not used as the seeding material.
2.2 Seeding density
Reasonable close planting of garlic is an important condition for improving production and quality.
2.3 Seeding method
Planting direction, north-south direction is appropriate. Deep ridges are 3-4cm. When the dragon is 2-3cm for seeding, the garlic back is connected to the line in parallel with the row, so that the distribution of the leaves is evenly increased to improve the utilization of light energy.
3 Field management
3.1 Fertilization management
The garlic cloves begin to germinate. After the garlic is unearthed, it should be cultivated several times to loosen the soil, remove the weeds in the field, and raise the ground temperature. The germination period of garlic takes 7 to 10 days, and no more water and fertilizer is needed at this time. Generally, when the seedlings grow to 8-15 cm or the ground temperature is above 15 °C, the small water is flooded, and the seedling water is poured, and no water can be accumulated. The roots of the seedling stage grow faster in the lateral direction. The flower bud bud differentiation stage is the key period of garlic moss and garlic development. The aerial part grows about 7-8 leaves, the underground part grows into flower buds, and the leaf mites grow into bulbs. If at this time 4~5 leaves are yellow, each acre with water 5 kg of quick-acting fertilizer urea was applied, and 0.3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was dissolved in 30 kg of water for foliar application. During the growing season of garlic, the underground bulbs begin to expand. They need sufficient water and fertilizer supply. Spray 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre in 20 kg of water, when the leaves of the garlic inflorescence extend 13 to 16 cm. When 10 to 12 leaves are used, garlic moss can be harvested. Choose sunny afternoon or cloudy dew after drying. After the garlic moss grows, it is harvested many times. 3 to 5 days before picking the moss, stop the irrigation, and shallowly simmer, so that the plants are slightly wilted, so that the "mouth loose" is easy to pick the moss.
3.2 post management
After picking the moss, the soil is poured into an appropriate amount of water, and the weeds in the field are removed. The leaves were damaged as little as possible, and the roots of the leaves continued to maintain photosynthesis and absorption functions for two weeks before they became soft and light.
3.3 Chemical weeds
Before sowing, use 100% dichlorpyrifos 100g or 33% herbicide per 100-150 ml per acre, spray with water to block weeds before winter. After the spring, use 33% of weeding per acre to pass 100-150 ml, and the field with broadleaf weeds should add 10.8% per mu to the high-efficiency grass to spray 45 ml with water to block the weeds after spring.
4 Garlic pest control methods
4.1 Garlic purple spot disease pathogen:
In the south, when the seedling height is 10-15cm, the disease begins. The late growth period is the most harmful; the north mainly occurs in the late growth stage. The incidence of the field begins in the tip of the leaf or in the middle of the garlic. After a few days, it spreads to the lower part. It is slightly concave and white spots at the beginning, and the center is slightly purple. When enlarged, it is a yellow-brown spindle or oval lesion. When the humidity is high, the disease department Produces a black lining, the lesions are more concentric, easy to break from the disease. The neck of the bulb that was infected during storage became dark yellow or reddish brown soft. See the green onions for the control method.
4.2 Garlic leaf blight pathogen
The leaf infection begins at the tip of the leaf. It is initially white with small dots. When enlarged, it is irregular or elliptical grayish white or grayish brown lesions. When wet, its surface grows black mold. In severe cases, the diseased leaves die. The garlic tomb is easily broken from the diseased part, and finally many small black spots are scattered in the diseased part. In severe cases, the diseased plants do not convulsion.
Control method:
1 promptly remove the damaged leaves and flower buds;
2 Suitable planting, strengthen field management. Reasonable close planting, timely drainage after rain, improve host disease resistance;
3 Spray 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, 50% chlorhexidine WP 1500 times solution, 50% phthalic acid copper WP 1500 times solution at the beginning of the disease, 7-10 days apart 1 time, continuous control 3-4 times.
4.3 Garlic bacterial soft rot pathogen
After the garlic is infected, it first develops from the leaf margin or midrib, forming yellow-white streaks, which can penetrate the whole leaf. When the humidity is high, the diseased part is yellow and the color is soft and rot. Generally, the basal leaves first develop, and then gradually expand to the upper leaves, causing the whole plant to be yellow or dead. Control method: spraying 77% at the beginning of the disease can kill 500 times liquid of wettable microparticle powder, or 300 times liquid of 14% lycopene copper water, or 72% liquid streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times, etc., 7-10d Spray once, depending on the condition, continuous prevention and control 2-3 times.
4.4 The main pest is the onion fly, alias: onion fly, common name: garlic, green onion.
The larvae lick the artificial stems and bulbs of the garlic plants, causing decay. The leaves are yellow, wilting, and even die.
Control method:
1 Applying fully decomposed organic fertilizer and mulching with plastic film;
2 spraying 21% synergistic atmosphere, horse emulsifiable concentrate (killing cockroach) 6000 times liquid, or 2.5% cyanomethrin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times liquid at the beginning of adult occurrence;
3 After the discovery of the damage, 80% dichlorvos 1000 times liquid can be used to fill the roots. See éŸè›† when the remedy is serious.
In addition, onion horses and locusts also harm garlic.
5 garlic harvest
5.1 Garlic
40-45 days after flower bud differentiation, the total sputum is whitened. The top of the garlic stalk begins to bend, which is a sign of tenderness. The time of garlic simmering should be sunny, afternoon, the turgor pressure of the plant is reduced, the pseudo stem is soft, the toughness of the garlic is enhanced, and it is easy to pump. . The output per hectare is generally 6-9 tons.
5.2 garlic
15-18 days after the garlic is harvested, the leaves turn yellow by about 1/2, and the bulbs are fully enlarged, which is suitable for harvesting garlic. Choose a sunny day when collecting garlic. After the harvest, dry in the field. The well is cut off for the rain. The garlic after harvesting can be braided or tied to the sun until the short stem and the residual garlic are dry, so as to avoid mold and decay during storage.
The above is the main point of garlic cultivation. Welcome to the Guangcai farmers to come to Huinong.com to learn, download the mobile phone Huonong APP and keep abreast of the latest garlic market every day!
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