With the development of the aquaculture industry, the number of farms has increased, and the environmental manure caused by livestock farming has become more and more serious. Recently, the state has introduced relevant policies. If unqualified farms will be demolished and closed, how can farmers change their livestock? What about the phenomenon of breeding manure environment? Follow the Hui Nong Network Xiaobian to learn how to improve the manure environment in animal husbandry!
Intensive production of farms, a large amount of excrement and sewage are discharged every day. These excretions contain a large amount of organic matter, pathogenic microorganisms and parasite eggs. If they are not harmlessly treated, they will not only harm the livestock and poultry itself. Moreover, it will pollute the surrounding environment and cause “stock pollutionâ€. At the same time, after the harmless treatment of excrement and sewage, it can also improve fertilizer efficiency, provide energy or be used as feed, and has achieved more successful experience and created many effective methods. The treatment and purification of farm waste by various high-efficiency treatment equipment and method systems. And make the best use of these wastes, effectively prevent possible harm to human and animal health and environmental pollution. The harmless treatment and utilization of excreta is to kill pathogenic microorganisms and parasite eggs through high temperature composting and anaerobic fermentation, improve fertilizer efficiency and produce biogas. Afforestation pollution control must adopt comprehensive management, including strengthening planning and guidance, optimizing regional layout; basing on ecological priority, coordinating the definition of banned areas; optimizing livestock and poultry breeding structure, upgrading standard production level; establishing long-term mechanism to improve disease-free animals The level of harm treatment, etc.
1 stacked fermentation
Composting is a common method used in the treatment of garbage and human and animal manure in vast areas of China. There are many methods for composting, and localities should be carried out according to local conditions and local conditions.
Aerobic composting is mainly based on the activity of aerobic microorganisms. Under suitable conditions, microorganisms are multiplied, so that organic matter is decomposed and transformed into inorganic salts and humus that plants can absorb. In the process of decomposition of organic matter, high temperature and antagonism of microorganisms are generated, and pathogens and parasite eggs are killed to achieve harmlessness. The operation method is to first compact the composting ground, and dig the vertical and horizontal ventilation grooves in advance (the ditch depends on the size of the pile). The fertilizer pile is sealed. Under anaerobic action, the organic matter is decomposed and fermented, and the pathogen and parasite eggs die. This composting method, although the temperature is low. It takes a long time to be decomposed and harmless, but it saves labor and time. The effect of composting depends mainly on the strength of the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms. In the composting process, a good environment conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms must be created to accelerate the humification and organicization of organic matter.
 2 Biogas fermentation
Biogas is known as the second energy source in the contemporary world. Biogas can be used as fuel and power. The use of biogas has great significance for opening up fertilizer sources, saving fuel, improving human and animal environmental sanitation, preventing disease transmission, and ensuring human and animal health. The first is to break down complex organic substances - cellulose, protein, fat, etc. into simple organic substances such as acetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, methanol, and the like. Second, the bacteria oxidize or reduce simple organic matter and carbon dioxide to methane. The bacteria that act in the first step are acidogenic bacteria, and the second step is methanogens. Biogas is a colorless, slightly odorous mixture. When burning, the calorific value is about 5000~6500 kcal/m.
The fermentation tank should be tightly sealed, airtight, and watertight. The bacteria that decompose organic matter to produce biogas are all anaerobic bacteria. The construction of a strictly closed biogas fermentation tank is the main condition for anaerobic conditions and normal gas production; moisture, temperature, acid and alkali environment should be ensured, and appropriate ingredients should be prepared. Flammable items should not be placed near the biogas stove when burning biogas. Fireworks should be strictly prohibited to avoid the risk of explosion. Rooms that burn biogas should always open doors and windows. Increase ventilation to prevent hypoxia. Pre-ventilation should be carried out when removing biogas residue. Then put the animals (chicken, etc.) in. When there is no danger, people can enter the pool. In case of poisoning and suffocation.
3 Evaluation of harmless treatment of feces and urine
The evaluation of the harmless effect of excreta should be considered in terms of both hygiene and production. It must be hygienic and harmless. Commonly used indicators are parasitology and general health indicators.
3.1 Parasitic indicators
The aphid eggs in the feces are more abundant, and the living ability is stronger than other eggs. Therefore, the aphid eggs are mostly representative indicators. After maturity of compost and harmless dilute, the mortality of locust eggs is generally considered to be above 95%. Hookworm eggs and schistosomiasis eggs should all die.
3.2 General health indicators
Temperature is an important indicator to measure compost fermentation and composting effects. Generally, the higher the stack temperature. The shorter the lethal time of bacteria. The stack temperature is between 50 and 60 ° C for 6 to 7 days. You can get better results. The maggots and cockroaches should all be killed. Composted compost, reduced in size, dark brown or brownish black. Organic matter such as straw is completely rotted, and the texture is soft and broken. There are no hard clods, dung blocks, no odor, and no flies.
4 Comprehensive management
4.1 Do a good job in delineation area
Focusing on drinking water source protection areas, core areas of nature reserves and buffer zones, scenic spots, urban residential areas, cultural and educational research areas, etc., taking into account the rivers and rivers and important rivers and other areas have a greater impact on the water environment. The area is scientifically and rationally delineated. Ensure the coordinated development of animal husbandry production and environmental protection.
4.2 Improve the standard production level
Focusing on nurturing family farms and building intensive scale farms, the farms are encouraged to upgrade and upgrade production equipment, improve waste comprehensive utilization facilities, and upgrade facilities and equipment. Eliminate backward feeding techniques such as water-washing circles, and promote the breeding of ecological breeding in the fermentation bed and the biodegradation of the ectopic fermentation bed, the “animal-marsh-fruit†and the “animal-marsh-fishâ€.
4.3 Strengthening supervision and guidance
Simultaneously promote the prevention and control of aquaculture pollution and the comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry manure. Large-scale breeding of livestock and poultry in non-no-nose areas, according to the actual area of ​​cultivated land, the scale of livestock and poultry breeding will be arranged, and total quantity control will be implemented. Newly built, rebuilt or expanded large-scale livestock and poultry farms must comply with local animal husbandry development plans and livestock and poultry breeding pollution prevention and control requirements. The pollution prevention and control facilities in the project construction should be carried out simultaneously with the main project construction.
4.4 Establish a long-term mechanism to improve the level of harmless treatment of dead animals
The construction of a harmless collection and treatment system for sick and dead animals belongs to social welfare undertakings. It should actively strive for local government to produce livestock diseases and diseases according to the principle of “government-led, market operation, overall planning, local conditions, financial subsidies and insurance linkageâ€. With regard to the death of livestock and poultry, as well as timely treatment, clean and environmental protection, and rational use, we will focus on constructing a harmless treatment and long-term mechanism for disease-causing animals, optimizing process selection, reducing waste emissions, and preventing environmental pollution.
In fact, in the process of animal husbandry, the impact of manure is relatively serious, but if it can be rationally used and treated, then the manure can become an economic benefit. Therefore, the above methods for improving the manure environment of livestock farming can be learned by farmers. !
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