For the first time, researchers have witnessed the attack and destruction of tumor cells from the inside through an organometallic compound discovered at Warwick University. PeterJ. Professor Sadler and his team of chemistry showed that the organic-锇FY-26 compound, first discovered at Warwick University, could kill by targeting and attacking weak parts of tumor cells. This is the first anti-cancer compound based on bismuth, which is 50 times more active than cisplatin, the most common anticancer drug.
Using the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), the researchers analyzed the role of organogermanium FY26 compounds in ovarian tumor cells: detecting the emission of X-ray fluorescence to track the activity of intracellular compounds. By focusing on tumor cells, researchers can observe a subtle level that was previously unknown, such as mitochondria, an organelle that is the "power source" for cells to produce energy and can be detected. In tumor cells, DNA in the mitochondria is erroneous and mutated, making these tumor cells very weak and vulnerable. FY-26 has been found to have positioned itself in mitochondria - an important area of ​​attack and destruction from the inside of weak areas of tumor cells.
Researchers can also see natural metals produced by the body – such as zinc and calcium ions that move around cells. It is well known that calcium ions can affect the function of cells, and these self-generated metals can help FY-26 find an optimal location to attack cancer.
Currently, more than half of all cancer chemotherapy uses platinum compounds. These drugs have been used for nearly 40 years, so it is necessary to explore the possible benefits of other precious metals. Although this study was conducted in ovarian tumor cells, this groundbreaking conclusion also applies to a wider range of cancers. FY-26 has been shown to be more selective than cisplatin between normal and tumor cells, with a greater impact on tumor cells compared to healthy cells. Professor Sadler commented that the study may lead to new cancer treatments: "We urgently need new anticancer drugs with less drug resistance and fewer side effects."
An active substance is the main active ingredient in a drug. Take a simple aspirin for example. Acetyl salicylic acid is synthesized through chemical process and purified to a specified purity. The synthesis of acetyl salicylic acid is made by adding various excipients, such as fillers, adhesives, disintegrating agents, etc., and then pressing it into tablets. The production of apis is generally either pure chemical synthesis, biological fermentation, or semi-synthesis, with biological fermentation followed by extraction followed by synthesis. Not all pharmaceutical enterprises make API by themselves, and many manufacturers do not have the scale to produce API. Even if there is large-scale production, the cost of production may be much higher than that of procurement. Therefore, most manufacturers buy bulk drugs, and then make preparations, so that the production of drugs can be completed without a very large scale. At present, China and India have become the two largest API producers in the world. Many European and American pharmaceutical companies, even some of their own original drugs, will give up the production of API as the patent expires and the market matures, and turn to purchase apis from China and India,API production generally go through laboratory, generated through laboratory bottle container canister, taking after successful, pilot magnification, which is to enlarge the quantity of the production, then no problem tends to be faced with a lot of small scale experiment, a very simple example, the heating process, due to the relatively small amount in the laboratory, uneven heating cases is less, But if it is scaled up to a few tons of pot, at this time the heating may be not hot in this place, where the paste pot, at this time you need to stir, but the speed of mixing is appropriate, this process needs to calculate or grope. Finally from the pilot test, and then to the formal production, the volume of further amplification, and will face a lot of new problems. Therefore, although some drugs are generic, the research and development of the whole process from small test, pilot test to the final mass production is indispensable, so even generic drugs have very high research and development costs.
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