Corn smut is an important disease in the national spring corn producing area. The disease manifests only on the ears and tassels.
The ear of the diseased plant became smaller and did not spit filaments. In addition to the temporal lobe, the whole ear turned into a large blackfly. In the later period, some eucalyptus leaves broke up with black powder, which is the teliospores of the pathogen. Black powder generally sticks into clumps and is not easy to fly. It is surrounded by filamentous parasitic vascular bundles.
The corn ear smut fungus winters in the soil, the cow eats the sick body, and the bacteria in the discharged feces can survive. Composting with diseased bodies can also cause fecal contamination without adequate decomposition. The bacteria can also overwinter on the surface of the seeds. The large amount of overwintering bacteria in the soil and long infection time are the main causes of the disease. Overwintering germs germinate as the seed germinates and invade from young shoots and young roots of corn. The seeds can begin to germinate until the 5 leaves can be infected by the bacteria. Before the 3rd leaf stage of the maize, the soil temperature is 2l-28°C, and the humidity is most conducive to the invasion of the bacteria in moderate drought. After the 4-5 leaf stage, the corn was less infected and the disease was not reinfected. When the seeds germinate, the germs also germinate and infect the seedlings. With the growth of the plants, they eventually destroy the panicles and become black powder. Continuous cropping, extensive farming, thick overburden, and dry soil are conducive to the onset of dissemination.
Corn head smut is a disease caused by seedling stage infection, and it usually shows obvious symptoms when it is 6-7 leaves of corn. The symptoms were dwarfing of the diseased plants, shortening of the internodes, enlargement of the base of the stems, thinning of the stems, slight bending of the plant type, dense leaves, and dark green. The ear infection of corn smut is long and difficult to control.
In some areas of our province, corn is cultivated in the same land year after year. The germs can survive for 2-3 years in the soil, increasing the number of bacteria that accumulate in the field. This is the reason why corn smut in our province has been increasing year by year. The number of soil bacteria in early sowing and deep sowing, planting of susceptible varieties, continuous cropping plots, and the low temperature and dry year in spring are serious.
Control methods:
1. Plant resistant varieties.
2. Remove diseased tumors or remove diseased ones in time. Pull out the diseased plants 6-7 pieces of corn. When the diseased plants clearly show symptoms, pull out the diseased plants, pull out 3-4 times in succession, remove the diseased plants basically, clean the gardens after harvesting, reduce the early stage. Infection source. Can reduce the incidence of the second year.
3. In severe wards, continuous cropping will be avoided.
4. Intensive cultivation, appropriate sowing, promote seed germination early, unearthed faster and reduce the incidence.
5. Chemical control, 15% triadimef-WP with 0.5% seed, 0.8% 50% dexamethasone wettable powder, 0.2% 50% thiram wettable powder, or seed amount 0 .3% of 12.5% ​​diniconazole (Sole Poly) wettable powder for seed dressing.
The ear of the diseased plant became smaller and did not spit filaments. In addition to the temporal lobe, the whole ear turned into a large blackfly. In the later period, some eucalyptus leaves broke up with black powder, which is the teliospores of the pathogen. Black powder generally sticks into clumps and is not easy to fly. It is surrounded by filamentous parasitic vascular bundles.
The corn ear smut fungus winters in the soil, the cow eats the sick body, and the bacteria in the discharged feces can survive. Composting with diseased bodies can also cause fecal contamination without adequate decomposition. The bacteria can also overwinter on the surface of the seeds. The large amount of overwintering bacteria in the soil and long infection time are the main causes of the disease. Overwintering germs germinate as the seed germinates and invade from young shoots and young roots of corn. The seeds can begin to germinate until the 5 leaves can be infected by the bacteria. Before the 3rd leaf stage of the maize, the soil temperature is 2l-28°C, and the humidity is most conducive to the invasion of the bacteria in moderate drought. After the 4-5 leaf stage, the corn was less infected and the disease was not reinfected. When the seeds germinate, the germs also germinate and infect the seedlings. With the growth of the plants, they eventually destroy the panicles and become black powder. Continuous cropping, extensive farming, thick overburden, and dry soil are conducive to the onset of dissemination.
Corn head smut is a disease caused by seedling stage infection, and it usually shows obvious symptoms when it is 6-7 leaves of corn. The symptoms were dwarfing of the diseased plants, shortening of the internodes, enlargement of the base of the stems, thinning of the stems, slight bending of the plant type, dense leaves, and dark green. The ear infection of corn smut is long and difficult to control.
In some areas of our province, corn is cultivated in the same land year after year. The germs can survive for 2-3 years in the soil, increasing the number of bacteria that accumulate in the field. This is the reason why corn smut in our province has been increasing year by year. The number of soil bacteria in early sowing and deep sowing, planting of susceptible varieties, continuous cropping plots, and the low temperature and dry year in spring are serious.
Control methods:
1. Plant resistant varieties.
2. Remove diseased tumors or remove diseased ones in time. Pull out the diseased plants 6-7 pieces of corn. When the diseased plants clearly show symptoms, pull out the diseased plants, pull out 3-4 times in succession, remove the diseased plants basically, clean the gardens after harvesting, reduce the early stage. Infection source. Can reduce the incidence of the second year.
3. In severe wards, continuous cropping will be avoided.
4. Intensive cultivation, appropriate sowing, promote seed germination early, unearthed faster and reduce the incidence.
5. Chemical control, 15% triadimef-WP with 0.5% seed, 0.8% 50% dexamethasone wettable powder, 0.2% 50% thiram wettable powder, or seed amount 0 .3% of 12.5% ​​diniconazole (Sole Poly) wettable powder for seed dressing.
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