Mung bean is an important miscellaneous grain crop in China. It has the characteristics of short growth period, long-term sowing period, drought resistance, thinness tolerance, nitrogen-fixing and land-raising. It is suitable crop for planting in hilly and dry land, or with cereals, potatoes and young. The ideal crop and good forehead for intercropping between trees and the like. In order to give full play to the role of mung bean in planting structure adjustment and soil fertility, promote production, increase production, improve quality, and increase efficiency, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Small-scale Grain and Bean Experts Guidance Group and the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center proposed 2019 mung beans. Production technical guidance.
First, the northern spring broadcast area
The area includes the central and eastern Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, northwestern Jilin, western Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, Shanxi and northern Hebei. The farming system is one year old and is the main production area of ​​mung beans in China.
(1) Variety selection
It is mainly composed of large grain varieties suitable for foreign trade export and medium and small grain varieties suitable for bean sprouts production, with semi-vine or erect growth habits. Foreign trade export varieties require good appearance quality, grain green, shiny, full and tidy, 100 grains weighing about 6.5 grams; bean sprouts production varieties require uniform grain size, high sprouting rate, 100-grain weight 5.0-6.0 grams.
(2) Site preparation and fertilization
The whole land is divided into autumn and spring ploughing, and the depth of autumn turning is 20-25 cm. Spring ploughing is generally carried out when the soil is frozen and thawed. After ploughing, pay attention to the sputum, timely smashing, smashing, ridges and suppression. In combination with the spring land preparation, the base fertilizer should be applied and the application amount of organic fertilizer should be increased (the farmer's fertilizer is applied for 700-1000 kg). In combination with sowing, seeds and seed fertilizers are applied at one time. Generally, on the basis of applying organic fertilizer, 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 3-5 kg ​​of urea, and 4-7 kg of potassium sulfate are applied.
(3) Suitable sowing
Generally, the temperature of the 5 cm soil layer is stable and the seeding starts at 15 °C. The normal year is in the middle and late May. The raining of dry land and other early-maturing varieties can be postponed until about June 10; using ridges to open the ditch, on-demand or mechanical sowing. The sowing depth is generally 3-5 cm according to the soil moisture, and the post-sowing suppression is guaranteed; the acreage is 1.0-1.5 kg, the row spacing is 50-60 cm, and the plant spacing is 10-15 cm.
(4) Planting density
The planting density is determined by factors such as variety, sowing date and soil fertility. Generally, the early planting variety, the late sowing date, and the poor planting density of the water and fertilizer conditions are about 12,000 plantings; the medium-maturing varieties and the medium-water-fertilized conditions are The planting density is about 10 million; the planting density of the suitable planting, late-maturing varieties or high-water-fertilizer conditions is about 0.8 million.
(5) Field management
1. Weed control. Generally, cultivating 2-3 times before flowering and pod formation. Combined with cultivating loose soil, soil and weeding. Mung beans are relatively sensitive to herbicides, pay attention to the type of herbicide, as well as the weather and soil conditions during spraying. At present, there are three main methods for the application of herbicides in mung bean production: one is soil treatment before sowing, that is, spraying the soil at the same time as ridges are raised about 1 week before sowing. Second, the weeding is blocked before emergence after sowing, that is, the herbicide is sprayed onto the soil surface on the day after sowing or the next day. The third is the spraying between the ridges after the seedlings, that is, after the emergence of the seedlings and the weeds 1-5 leaf stage, the weeds for controlling the grass or broadleaf weeds are selected according to the types of weeds.
2. Fertilizer management. Mung bean is a drought-resistant crop. In the case of sowing of the foot, the general seedling period does not drought or water, in order to promote root development. The flower pod period is the plot where the mung bean needs water at the peak of the fertilizer and the soil fertility is poor. It can be combined with the last cultivating mu to apply urea 3-5 kg. Where there are irrigated conditions, the flowering and podding period is watered 1-2 times to facilitate the increase in production.
3. Pest control. The main diseases include root rot, viral disease, fainting disease, leaf spot disease, sclerotium disease, powdery mildew, etc. The disease prevention and treatment is mainly based on the selection of disease-resistant varieties, crop rotation, timely sowing, cultivation of strong seedlings, etc. auxiliary. Among them, the chemical prevention and treatment in the early stage of the disease every 7-10 days, continuous spraying 2-3 times better. The main pests are aphids, red spiders and pea pods. The principle of pest control is early prevention and control. The dosage and dosage are used according to the instructions.
4. Harvest and storage. When 80% of the pods are ripe, they will be harvested in the morning and wet. Small plots of land can be picked or harvested manually. Large-area plots can be harvested in sections, using machinery to cut the bean straw first, drying in the field for 2-3 days, then using mechanical picking and threshing, drying in time after threshing, when the water content of the seed is about 13%, it can be stored in the warehouse. . Pay attention to the prevention and control of mung bean during storage.
(6) Notes
First, pay attention to timely collapse and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. The second is to deal with the situation of drought and little rain in the spring in this area, timely rushing for sowing, suppression after sowing, to preserve the seedlings.
Second, the northern summer broadcast area
The area includes Hebei, southwestern Shanxi, northwestern Henan and northern Shandong. It is a two-season or two-year and three-season planting system.
(1) Variety selection
It is suitable for medium and small grain varieties suitable for bean sprout production. It requires cultivars of erect, early maturity, pod aggregation and maturity. The seeds are full and tidy, shiny, and the germination rate is high. The 100-grain weight is 5.0-6.0 grams.
(2) Sowing at the right time
Generally, the seedlings are planted by hand or mechanically after harvesting. The sowing date is about June 20, and the early maturing varieties are no later than July 20, the acreage is 1.0-1.25 kg, and the sowing depth is 3-5 cm.
(3) Reasonable density
Planting density varies by species, soil and climate. Early maturing erect varieties or general ground conditions, planting density of 1.0-1.2 million mu; erect mid-maturing varieties or medium-gravity conditions, planting density of 0.8-100,000 plants per mu.
(4) Field management
1. Fertilizer management. Sowing of the foot, the seedling period is generally not watered. Where conditions permit, the flowering period can be watered once. The flower pod period is the peak period of mung bean fertilizer. The urea should be added about 5 kg of urea in the branching period, or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed on the leaf surface of the flower pod to facilitate the increase.
2. Weed control. Before weeding and pod-forming, weeding and weeding 1-2 times, chemical weeding refers to the weed control technology in the northern spring sowing area.
3. Pest control. The main diseases are root rot in seedling stage, blight in flowering stage, leaf spot, virus disease, powdery mildew, etc.; the main pests are seedlings of tigers, aphids, red spiders, cotton bollworms, and pods of flowering pods.螟, 蓟马, etc. The disease prevention and treatment is mainly based on the selection of disease-resistant varieties, supplemented by chemical control. Among them, the drug control disease is effective in the early stage of the disease, every 7-10 days, continuous spraying 2-3 times. The principle of pest control is early prevention and control, and the agents are used interchangeably. In particular, the pods of the pods and the thrips in the flowering stage can be controlled once by the appropriate agent spray at the initial flowering stage, and the effect is better.
4. Harvest storage. With the northern spring broadcast area.
(5) Notes
The stubble after harvesting of wheat and other forage crops is likely to affect the quality of sowing. Fine seeding should be paid to preserve the seedlings.
Third, the southern producing areas
The area mainly includes Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei and other areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the western part of Chongqing. It can be planted in spring, summer and autumn. It is a two-season or three-year planting system.
(1) Variety selection
It is suitable for medium and small grain varieties suitable for bean sprout production. It requires strong disease resistance, erect and lodging resistance, grain is full and tidy, shiny, and the germination rate is high. The weight of 100 grains is 5.0-5.5 grams.
(2) Sowing and planting density
The suitable period for spring sowing is generally from early April to early May. Summer sowing is better from early June to early July. As a disaster replanting crop, summer planting can be delayed until July 20 at the latest. The acreage is about 1.0-1.5 kilograms, the planting density of the medium-high water and fertilizer conditions is about 0.8 million, and the dry land of the hillside is about 10 million.
(3) Field management
1. Weed control. There are many weeds in the mung bean field in this area, pay attention to timely prevention. Chemical weeding refers to the northern spring sowing area.
2. Main pests and diseases. The main diseases include root rot in the seedling stage and leaf spot in the flowering stage. The main pests are the pods of the pods and the thrips. The prevention and treatment method is the same as the northern summer broadcasting area.
3. Harvest and storage. There are more rains in this area, pay attention to the timely harvest after maturity.
(four) matters needing attention
The occurrence of pests and diseases in this area is heavier, and timely attention should be paid to prevention and treatment. The use of herbicides and pharmaceuticals should be completed under the guidance of agricultural technicians. (Agricultural and Rural Ministry)
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