The market for sweet potatoes has been better in recent years, but it is often plagued by diseases during the planting process.
The common diseases of sweet potato are black spot disease, stem nematode disease, root rot disease and rickets. The disease is light, resulting in weak seedlings, lack of seedlings, and severely reduced yields by 20%-30%. The most serious reduction is 50%-60%, and the quality of potato chips is also greatly affected.
The transmission routes of these diseases include the seedlings of seedlings, the second is the residual bacteria in the soil, the third is the fertilizer that is smashed by the residuals of the diseased plants, and the fourth is the improper management of the field or the spread of bacteria during the rainfall. Production must take corresponding measures to prevent early treatment.
First, choose resistant varieties. The varieties resistant to black spot and stem nematode are Sushu No. 1, Fushu 87, Jinan Red, and the like. The varieties resistant to root rot include Nongda 22, Xushu 18 and Sushu No. 3. The varieties resistant to rickets include Guangshu 62, Xiangshu 75-55, and Huabei 48.
Second, implement rotation and do a good job in quarantine. The susceptible fields of sweet potatoes should be rotated for more than 3 years with rice, wheat, corn, soybeans and other crops. It is necessary to establish a disease-free seed potato base, and it is strictly forbidden to plant potato seedlings in infected areas to disease-free areas.
Third, purify the seedbed and remove residual disease. During the seedling cultivation period of the year, the disease-free soil should be selected as the seedbed, and the seedlings, pure soil and net fertilizer should be cultivated. It is necessary to completely remove the residue of the diseased plant, concentrate it on burning or bury it deeply, and prevent the spread of the disease.
Fourth, chemical control. Soaking seeds or soaking seedlings for black spot and stem nematode:
One can dip 50-300 times solution with 50% dexamethasone for 10 minutes, or use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 300 times solution, and then transplant the lower half of the potato seedlings for half an hour.
2 Soaking seeds with 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times for 10 minutes.
The seed can be soaked for 10 minutes with 50% methyl thiophanate WP 200 times. At the same time, the base of the potato seedlings can be immersed for 3 minutes with 50% carbendazim 2000-4000 times solution or 50% methyl thiophanate 1000-2000 times solution. (Farmers Daily)
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