Transgenic technology is the introduction of artificially-separated and modified genes into the genome of the organism of interest in order to achieve the goal of transforming organisms. When the transferred genes are integrated into the chromosome or into the genome, these genes are passed on to the offspring along with the genetic material of the host organism and produce the desired biological functions. The commonly used methods of plant transgenesis can be divided into two major groups. The first type is the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method and the particle bombardment method. These methods require the regeneration of plants through tissue culture; the other methods do not require tissue culture, mainly pollen tube passages. law. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation Agrobacterium is a bacterium that is ubiquitous in the soil. It infects the wounds of most dicotyledons under natural conditions, enters plant cells through infestation of plant wounds, and then carries them. Some of the genes are inserted into the plant genome. People insert the target gene into a specific gene fragment of Agrobacterium, and use Agrobacterium to infect plants to achieve the transfer and integration of foreign genes into plant cells. Then, the transgenic plants are regenerated through cell and tissue culture techniques. The gene gun-mediated transformation method utilizes a gunpowder explosion or high-pressure gas acceleration (such an accelerating device is called a gene gun) and high-speed injection of metal particles coated with a gene of interest into plant tissues and cells, followed by cell and tissue culture Technology, regeneration of new plants. The pollen tube pathway method is used to inject a DNA solution containing the target gene into the ovary after pollination. The pollen tube channel formed during flowering and fertilization is used to introduce the exogenous DNA into the fertilized egg cell and further integrate it into the recipient cell. In the genome, it becomes a new individual with a transgene as the fertilized egg develops. At present, the most widely used transgenic insect-resistant cotton is cultivated by the pollen tube channel method. The greatest advantage of this method is that it does not rely on tissue culture to artificially regenerate plants. The technique is simple and conventional breeders are easy to master.
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