In rural areas, raising cattle is very common. I believe many cattle farmers have encountered difficulties in breathing, nasal discharge, and nasal mucosal congestion. However, when these diseases occur, they should pay attention to it. Combined with epidemiology, cattle are likely to have infectious rhinotracheitis.
Bovine infectious rhinotracheitis, also known as "necrotic rhinitis" or "red nose disease", is a bovine respiratory contact infection caused by type I bovine herpesvirus (BHV-1), which is worldwide. Both are popular, which have a great impact on the milk production of dairy cows, the fertility of the bulls and the enabling power of the cattle. The following small series introduces you to four common clinical types of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis.
The incubation period of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus artificial infection is 1 to 3 days, and the natural infection is generally 4 to 7 days, sometimes up to 20 days.
Breathing type
It is the most important type. It may manifest as a very light, unnoticed infection, or it may be a very serious disease. Often occurs after transfer or after transfer from pasture to house feed. The acute case is mainly the entire respiratory tract, followed by the digestive tract. Sudden rise in body temperature (40 ~ 42 ° C), severely ill, do not eat, flow a lot of mucopurulent nasal fluid. The nasal mucosa is highly hyperemic (as it is also known as "red nose disease") and has shallow ulcers and necrosis of the nose and nose. Because the nostrils of the diseased cattle are filled with inflammatory exudates, the breathing is highly difficult and even the mouth is breathing. Conjunctivitis and tearing can be seen, and the exhaled gas is stinky due to necrosis of the nasal mucosa. The number of breaths increased, and the coughing sound of the deep bronchus was frequently heard. Sometimes bloody sputum is visible.
Genital type
At the beginning of the disease, it usually shows mild fever. In severe cases, the tail is erected and waved uneasy. Frequent urination and painfulness, edema swelling of the vulva, and bloody oozing of the vulva. The initial condition was redness of the vaginal mucosa and the formation of pustules, which gave the vestibular and vaginal walls of the vagina a granular appearance. Then, a mucus sample is accumulated on the vaginal bottom wall to the mucopurulent exudate. In some cases, the small pustules become more and more fused together, and then a wide gray necrotic membrane is formed in the vestibule and vaginal wall. When rubbed off or taken off, there is a reddish rubbing effect. Type does not have a miscarriage. The course of the disease is usually left for 2 weeks, and if there are complications, it can be 3 to 8 weeks. The male animal is characterized by contagious pustular balanitis, and the lesion of the glans foreskin resembles the lesion of the vagina of the vulva, and the affected tissue is accompanied by pustule formation and has a granular granulation appearance. When the foreskin and penis edema caused phimosis dermatitis, there was swelling of the scrotum, but no orchitis was confirmed.
3. Conjunctival type
Corneal conjunctivitis is sometimes caused by the virus's affinity for bovine mucosa, and corneal ulcers usually do not occur. This type of infection generally does not have a significant systemic reaction, and sometimes it can occur at the same time. Generally, there may be edema under the conjunctiva, and a gray necrotic membrane may be formed thereon, resulting in a granular appearance, and the cornea may be changed into a mild cloud-like shape, suffering from purulent secretion of nasal flow slurry in the bull's eye.
4. Abortion type
In some cases, wild-type or artificially attenuated viruses (vaccines) can cause abortion in cattle, usually at any stage of the first trimester of young cows. The incidence of abortion caused by the virus is still unclear, but in recent years there have been fewer cases of abortion, which may be due to improved diagnostic methods and increased awareness of the disease. In many cases, an undiagnosed respiratory infection may have been prevalent in the herd 1 to 2 months prior to abortion. The virus is isolated from aborted calves and inoculation of the virus to susceptible young cows can cause miscarriage.
The above are the four common clinical types of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis compiled by Huinong. It is more conducive to the prevention and treatment of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis.
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