During the growth process, garlic suffers from a variety of pests and diseases. White rot is a serious disease that generally reduces production by 30% or even eliminates it and reduces its quality. For this reason, the author of the China Agriculture and Forestry Network conducted an investigation of this disease and adopted some preventive measures. The results are very obvious.
1 symptoms
The disease mainly damages leaves, leaf sheaths and bulbs. In the early stage of infection, the strips turn yellow from the tips of the outer leaves, and then expand to the heart and leaf sheaths. The plants grow weak and the whole plant becomes yellow, dwarfed or withered. The appearance is like a physiological disease. Pulled out of the diseased plant, the epidermis of the bulb appeared as a water-stained lesion with a layer of pale white mycelium. The late mycelial layer produces a sclerotinia kernel size brownish black sclerotia, and the bulb turns black and rot, which often occurs first in the field.
2 characteristics of the disease
2.1 Transmission Path The sclerotia of the disease survives in the soil. After the mycelium grows, it spreads through rainwater or irrigation water and invades directly from the roots or the ground, causing plant diseases. The diseased department also produces hyphae. The mycelium is gathered together into a brown, black, small sclerotia, which spreads between strains. The bacteria likes low temperature and high humidity, the temperature is below 20°C, and the humidity is more than 90%. As a result, the onset is rapid in the rainy season, especially when it grows thin and continuous cropping can lead to increased disease. High temperature and low humidity adversely affect the disease. In Suichuan County, it began in February, was prosperous in March, and was the worst in April.
2.2 Different incidences of different varieties After investigation, incidence of white garlic was higher than that of purple skin garlic. The incidence of white rot of white-leaf garlic was 20%-30%, and that of purple skin garlic was 8%-15%. In addition, the garlic field that grows thin and has a lower surface in the early spring is prone to develop, and the disease condition spreads rapidly after entering the rainy season.
3 Comprehensive Prevention Technology
3.1 Garlic field rotation Garlic white rot is a soil-borne disease. Continuous cropping is an important path to disease. Therefore, garlic fields should not be used as continuous crops. Non-onion and garlic crops should be rotated for 3-4 years or more. Infection source.
3.2 The treatment of garlic seeds can effectively cut off the initial infection and prevent the occurrence of diseases. Before garlic sowing, 50% carbendazim can be used for garlic seed processing. The specific method is to use carbendazim 500g for every 50kg of garlic and 3-5kg of water (evenly sprinkled on garlic) to sterilize, and then sow dry.
3.3 Arrangement of planting varieties according to different harvesting objects such as harvesting green garlic should be based on white-skin-garlic, with a certain proportion of purple-skin-garlic, harvested before the occurrence of white rot, avoiding its damage; harvesting garlic sprouts, garlic, should Arrange purple skin garlic with strong resistance to disease.
3.4 Strengthen the early spring of the tube to carry out top dressing, seedling loosening, and rowing, and reduce soiling. Combine high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques of garlic to promote the growth of garlic and increase the resistance to diseases. The diseased plants should be excavated in a timely manner and brought out of the field to be concentrated and burned. Spread and apply fertilizer to the ground so as not to bring the germs back into the field. After the harvest of garlic, the sick bodies and coverings were completely removed, and burned in a concentrated manner. Deep plowing of the land, rotation of dry land, and close planting were performed.
3.5 In the early stage of disease prevention and treatment, 50% carbendazim 500 times solution or 50% thiophanate-methyl 600 times solution can be sprayed and prevented, once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times continuous use; 50% acetaminophen can also be used. 1000-1500 times irrigation rhizome, once every 7-10 days, continuous medication 2 times. The rhizome spray method was more effective than the spray control method, and the drug was stopped 1 week before harvest.
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