Fish farming in rice fields has always been a favorite method for fish farmers. Using rice fields to raise fish, both fish products can be obtained, and fish can be used to eat pests and weeds in rice fields, excrete manure, and turn soil. Promote the decomposition of fertilizers, create good conditions for rice growth, and generally increase the yield of rice by about 10%. So do you know the technology of fish farming in rice fields?
1. Selection of paddy fields: Fish-farming paddy fields require sufficient water source, good water quality, convenient access and drainage, and ensure drought and flood protection. Paddy field ridges and field bottoms should have good water retention performance and should not leak water. In order to facilitate management, the fish culture area should be concentrated as much as possible. Light conditions are also a factor that cannot be ignored. The better the light conditions, the better the growth of the fish.
2. Construction of fish farming facilities: excavation of fish gullies, fish pits, heightening and widening of ridges, installation of fish rafts, etc., are the basic facilities for raising fish in rice fields, and are also the basic conditions for maintaining rice symbiosis.
(1) The construction standard of fish ditch and fish pit is: fish ditch is generally 0.6-1.0 m wide and 0.5-0.6 m deep; fish pit is 0.6-1.0 m deep, and the area is generally about 10 square meters. The area of ​​fish gullies and fish puddles accounts for more than 10% of the area of ​​rice fields. The layout structure should be determined by the size and beginning of the paddy field, generally in the form of “Tenâ€, “Feng†and “Tianâ€. The fish gullies and the fish pits must be connected to each other. Their side dykes are generally piled up with mud. If necessary, cement, brick, stone, etc. can be used to make permanent facilities.
(2) Heightening, widening, and reinforcement of the field ridges, generally required to be increased to 0.4-0.5 meters, widened to 0.3-0.4 meters, the soil should be compacted, and conditions can be used to build permanent ridges with cement, bricks, stones, etc. .
(3) The role of the fish barrier is mainly to prevent escape, generally installed at the inlet and outlet. The material of the fish barrier can be made of polyethylene mesh, wire mesh, etc., and the size of the mesh is selected to avoid fish. In order to ensure smooth water flow, it is better to have a straight fish gap between the inlet and outlet.
3. Qingtian disinfection work: Before the fish seedlings are released, it is necessary to disinfect the rice fields, remove wild fish and enemy organisms, and eliminate the germs. Disinfectants can be selected from tea, quicklime, bleach or special disinfectant. (1) The tea shovel adopts the method of clearing the water with water, and the water depth is 10-20 cm, and the dosage per acre is about 20 kg. Before use, smash the tea simmer, soak it in water for a day and night, then add water to dilute it. Even the slag is poured into the rice field. After 15 days, the toxicity disappears and it can be stocked. (2) The quicklime is also usually disinfected with water. 60-75 kg, the water is turned on and the whole field is splashed; (3) The bleaching powder is 7.5 kg per acre, with water splashing. 5-7 days after disinfection, it can be stocked; (4) Special disinfectant drugs are used according to the instructions.
4, fish stocking: In general, we can use different stocking patterns according to different basic conditions and different breeding purposes, such as breeding adult fish, farmed fish species, adult fish and fingerlings or other varieties of polyculture, etc. Different farming methods have different requirements for stocking of fish seedlings. The stocking density should be flexibly controlled according to the actual situation of the feeding intensity arrangement and the output index requirements. Generally, in the case of (1) no-fed artificial feeding, the fish can be raised into fish, and the fish can be stocked at a scale of 30-50/kg for 200-300 fish or 500-600 fish for summer; (2) The artificial feeding method is used to raise the fish into the fish. The fish can be stocked with 500-600 fishtails of 20-40 tails/kg or 1000-1200 tails of summer flowers. The stocked species require neat specifications, strong physique, and no damage or less damage to the body surface. Before putting in the rice field, the fish body should be concentrated in a concentrated medicated bath for 5 minutes with 5-8% saline or 10PPM malachite green solution. If conditions permit, special fish species disinfectant can be used for disinfection. When placing fish seedlings, it should be noted that the temperature difference between the transportation water and the field water should not exceed 2 °C. If the temperature difference is relatively large, the water should be slowly added to allow it to adapt. Fish stocking operations should be skilled and brisk to prevent fish injuries. The placed position should be selected in the fish pit and the fish ditch to allow it to disperse on its own.
5, fish feed selection and feeding: Tianyu is an omnivorous fish, its feed can be divided into two categories, one is natural bait, this kind of bait can be cultivated by applying base fertilizer, topdressing, rice pests are also One of the sources of bait. Traditional fish farming in rice fields relies mainly on natural bait. The second type of feed is artificial bait, which is fed by hand. In general, the artificial bait is mainly composed of its own rice bran, bran, green material and large grains such as wheat and wheat. It can also be fed fermented livestock manure. If conditions permit, some fish can be added with pellet feed. The daily amount of feed is about 5-6% of the weight of the fish. It can be appropriately injected in the early stage of the culture. In normal times, it should be increased or decreased according to the weather changes and the eating situation of the fish. Feeding each morning and afternoon, the feeding location is mainly fish pits and fish ditch. If the stocking is summer flowers, then after stocking, it is best to cast 10-15 days of soy paste. Soybean paste is prepared by using 2-2.5 kg of soybeans per acre, soaking in water to the degree of expansion between the watercress, adding 20-30 kg of water to make a slurry, soy milk is not slag into a soy paste. Soymilk paste is generally used once in the afternoon and in the afternoon. The location of the dumping is mainly fish pits and fish ditch.
6, fertilization of fish farming rice fields: its principle should be based on the base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing; farmyard manure, supplemented by fertilizer, a small number of times. The amount of base fertilizer is 500 kg per season of rice per acre. After raising fish in rice fields, because the fish excrement can play a role in fattening, the amount of topdressing in the paddy field should be reduced accordingly, generally 30% of the total fertilization amount. It is best to drive the fish to the fish ditch and the fish pit before applying the top dressing. When the water depth is more than 6 cm and the water temperature is below 28 °C, the safe dosage of each commonly used chemical fertilizer per mu is: 10-20 kg of ammonium sulfate, 6-8 kg of urea, 4-6 kg of potassium nitrate, and 5-potassium carbonate. 10 kg.
7. Precautions for rice field use: When rice fields need to be used, it is necessary to select pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and short residual period. Do not use DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane, chlorpyrifos, sodium pentachlorophenol and other pesticides that are more toxic to fish. There are two ways to spray pesticides: one is to properly deepen the field to dilute the concentration of pesticides that fall into the water; the other is to first remove some of the field water, drive the fish into the fish gully, the fish pit, and other pesticide toxicity. After that, inject new water. When spraying, the medicine should be sprinkled on the rice leaves as much as possible to improve the effectiveness of controlling pests and diseases, and at the same time, it can reduce the harm caused by falling into the water. Some farmers apply the method of batching and splitting, and the effect is not bad. In recent years, various places have been experimenting with the promotion of bio-drugs to control pests and diseases. This method is beneficial to both fish farming and reducing the accumulation of residues in grains. The bio-pesticides currently used include "7216", "140", "1711", Jinggangmycin, Qingfengmycin, etc., which are basically harmless to fish.
8, daily management: "three points, seven points", this sentence fully illustrates the importance of management in the entire breeding process. In terms of water quality management, the key is to ensure the safety of water, not to allow toxic water to flow into the field, and to pay attention to water drainage during the hot season to prevent the temperature of the field water from being too high. It is necessary to pay attention to the problem of water conservation in the dry season, and to do a good job in the rainy season to ensure the survival of droughts and floods; usually, we must carefully and carefully pay attention to the activities of fish and eating, timely grasp the growth information of fish, and find problems in a timely manner. Rainy days should increase the number of roads to prevent overflowing fish; fish farming rice fields can not let ducks enter, such as the discovery of water snakes and other enemy creatures, we must try to get rid of it; fish disease prevention is also an important part of daily management work, Tian Fish in the paddy field breeding process is not much disease, but sometimes there are water mildew, rotten rickets, red skin disease, enteritis and other diseases, the fish disease should be promptly consulted with the business department.
9. Rice harvesting and field fish catching: Rice harvesting in fish farming rice fields should be carried out with water. In the case of double-season rice, during the summer harvest and summer planting, the fish should be driven into the fish ditch and the fish pit, and the amount of water exchanged should be increased. The arrest of the fish in the market is generally carried out by means of catching large and small, and listing in batches. Discharge water before catching, slowly concentrate the fish in the fish ditch, fish pit, and then carry out fishing operations.
10, the winter of the fish in the field: the fish in the rice field after a year of breeding, most can be arrested and listed, but a small part of the fish species need to be kept for the second year to continue breeding. We adopt the method of wintering and rearing in the field: dig a long fish-shaped pit in the middle of the field, use bamboo to support the scaffolding above the fish pit, and cover the plastic film in the cold winter. In this way, the fish species can safely pass the winter in the fish pit. At the same time, the farmland can also grow wheat and grow vegetables.
The above is the rice-fish farming technology for your reference and hope to help you. Huinong School has more relevant agricultural technology knowledge. Continue to pay attention to Huinong School to answer questions during planting or breeding.
Zhejiang Industrial Group Co., Ltd. , https://www.xingyeseafood.com