1. Garden selection
It is most suitable for the construction of gardens with sandy loam, deep soil layers and good fertilizer and water conditions. Choose leeward sunny, well-drained sandy soil, avoid heavy ground, saline-alkali land and clay land. Don't build a garden on top of the ground, especially for the fruit trees.
2. Variety selection
In the protection of peach trees, it is advisable to choose low-temperature in the dormant period, short in fruit development period, easy to form flower buds, high self-flowering rate, high yield, large fruit, high quality early maturing and very early maturing varieties such as early red beads. Both strawberries and watermelons should be selected for early maturing varieties.
Most of the peach varieties are self-sufficient, but the cross-pollination effect is better. In order to ensure the pollination effect, one main planting variety can be configured with 1-2 pollinating varieties with the same flowering period.
3. Seedling planting
Before planting, according to the designed line spacing, dig 0.5-1m wide, 0.6-0.8m deep planting ditch, apply enough organic fertilizer 4000-5000kg/667m2, mix the soil fertilizer evenly, backfill and practise, then pour the water to sink.
The row spacing of spring-heated greenhouses is 1.83.6m, and the row spacing of winter-warm greenhouses is 23m. The survival rate of planting before seedling germination is the highest, and it is best after the spring temperature rises at the end of March and early April. Strawberries were planted in the shed when the shed was built. The row spacing was 1560cm, and the watermelon was raised on the 10th of January to prepare for planting.
Second, field management
1. Ding dry: set to dry immediately after planting. Covering the ground film: 2-3 weeks after the temperature rise, on the basis of the first top dressing and watering, the ground film is covered when the soil surface is dry. The mulch film is preferably a black mulch film, which not only increases the ground temperature, but also prevents the long grass, thereby ensuring that the ground temperature and temperature in the shed are consistent, and the tree body can grow well. After covering the mulch film, it must gradually heat up, and the temperature should not be raised too fast, so that the tree body gradually adapts to the environment inside the shed. Otherwise, it is easy to cause the phenomenon of long tree length and low fruit setting rate in the early stage.
2. Fertilizer management: After planting seedlings, it is necessary to loosen the soil in time and scoop the grass several times. In the year of planting, it is necessary to increase the management of fertilizer and water. From the beginning of April to the beginning of May, the company will chase a quick-acting fertilizer every half a month or so. Each plant will apply 40-50g, combined with pouring small water to promote survival and accelerate growth. Foliar fertilizer, such as 0.3% urea and 0.3% KH2PO4, is sprayed once every 10 days or so. In September and October each year, the fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied in combination with the soil, and about 4,000-5,000 kg of organic fertilizer can be applied per 667 m2. At the same time as the application of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizers such as superphosphate, zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer may be appropriately mixed, and the whole garden is poured and permeable after fertilization. Strawberries are ripe in early March and can be marketed in early April. When the strawberry is on the market, the watermelon can be planted. The distance between the plants can be 60cm.
3. Pruning: Pulling branches in the growing season is an effective way to control the flowering of the flower. When the backbone is about 50cm long, the lychee and the branching angle should be opened in time, and the backing and the peripheral competing tips and the inner stalks should be removed in time. . The winter pruning is dominated by the dredging method to control the prosperous center, and the free spindle type tree is cultivated.
3. Temperature regulation: The temperature in the greenhouse is mainly controlled by measures such as uncovering grasshoppers and switching air outlets. The flowering temperature is maintained at 10-20 ° C, not higher than 22 ° C, and not lower than 8 ° C at night.
4. Humidity adjustment: Peach trees are drought-tolerant eucalyptus species, and the shed should prevent soil from being too wet. The soil moisture in the early flowering period is generally maintained at about 65%-85%; the flowering period should try to reduce the humidity in the shed to keep it at about 50%; in the late stage of fruit development, the humidity is too large, which will make the new shoots grow, affecting the light and Flower bud differentiation, the humidity should be less than 60% in this period. If the humidity is too high, it can be ventilated and ventilated, and the adjustment can be made without affecting the temperature requirements. If the humidity is too small, you can fill the water at the right time and sprinkle the water on the ground to increase the humidity inside the shed.
5. Flowering management: The greenhouse peach trees lack the opportunity of natural pollination under open conditions. Because the shed is relatively closed, the air flow in the shed is small, and the increase of fruit setting rate becomes the key to flower and fruit management. Taking measures such as placing bees, artificial pollination, and spraying boron during flowering can effectively increase the fruit setting rate of peach trees in the shed. 2-3 days before flowering of strawberries or peach trees, a box of bees (200 heads/carton) can be placed in each shed for bee pollination.
6. Thinning technique: The fruit can be thinned for 13-18 days after the peach tree falls in the shed. Generally, 16 leaves are left with 1 fruit, and the fruit spacing is 6-8 cm. Remove the insect fruit, fruit, deformed fruit and small fruit, and retain the fruit that is lateral and downward. According to the ratio of branches and fruits, the long fruit branches generally leave 3-4 fruits, the middle fruit branches leave 2-3 fruits, and the short fruit branches leave 1-2 fruits. The fruit thinning should be completed within 20 days after the flower falls. The interplanting watermelon is pruned by the pruning method of the main vine.
7. Pest control: The pests and diseases of peach trees are relatively light. Spray 3-5Be stone sulphur mixture before germination, and spray the whole killing insecticide and fungicide quickly after flowering. Generally, carbendazim, methyl thiophanate + imidacloprid, The young urea + sputum is dead, and then sprayed alternately with zinc-copper Bordeaux and Antaisheng, and the insecticide is added according to the insect condition, and the medicine is sprayed every 15-20 days according to the weather conditions.
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