Potatoes like cold and cold. When planting mulched potatoes in the central and southern regions of Hebei, they must prepare the ground for sowing as soon as possible after the soil has been frozen in early spring, so that the entire growth process of potatoes can be kept in a relatively cold and low temperature season as much as possible. Let me introduce to you how to deal with seed potatoes before planting.
1. Cut seed potatoes
1. The size of the seed potato cuts. Generally, the weight of the cut pieces is 20-25 grams, that is, every 500 grams of seed potatoes can cut 20-25 pieces. At least 1 to 2 bud eyes should be attached to each cut.
2. Seed potato cutting operation method. Seed potatoes with a size of about 50 grams can be cut into 2 pieces longitudinally from the top to the tail; seed potatoes with a size of 70 to 90 grams are cut into 3 pieces by first cutting a piece with 2 buds from the base, and the remaining part Cut into 2 pieces longitudinally; Seed potatoes with a size of about 100 grams can be cut into 4 pieces longitudinally, which is beneficial to increase the number of pieces with top buds. For large potato chunks, you can start from the tail of the seed potatoes, cut diagonally to the top in a spiral shape according to the order of the bud eyes, and finally divide the top into two.
3. Matters needing attention when cutting potato seed potatoes. When dicing, it should be noted that the dicing should not be too small. Because the smaller the block, the less nutrient and water it carries, which will affect the development of seedlings. Moreover, if the cut pieces are too small, their drought resistance is poor, and seedlings are easy to appear after sowing.
When cutting, prepare two cutting knives. Change the knives every time a piece of seed potato is cut. Dip the changed knives in the pre-prepared disinfectant (75% ***) to prevent the cutting knives from spreading disease; Sick potatoes and bad rotten potato pieces should be destroyed, and the cutting knife should be disinfected at the same time, otherwise the germs will be spread. The disinfection method is to grill the cutting knife with fire, or repeatedly scrub the cutting knife with 75% essence, or soak the cutting knife with 1% potassium permanganate for 20 to 30 minutes before using.
2. Management and germination methods after cutting the seed potato
1. Management of potato seeds after dicing. After the potato pieces are cut, they should be spread flat at a temperature of 17℃～18℃ and a relative humidity of 80%～85% to dry the wound. It takes 3～4 days to produce a cork layer, which can avoid the germination process. Medium rotten potato. Remember not to stack the cut seed pieces for a long time to prevent the high temperature from causing rotten seed. When airing and dicing, it should not be carried out in a too dry environment, so as to avoid excessive water loss of the potato pieces. If the potato pieces are cut well, it is not necessary to accelerate the germination. Mix the seeds with metalaxyl and thiophanate methyl and mix with talcum powder. The seeds can be sown the next day, but the germination is slow.
2. Seed potato germination method. After the potato pieces are "dried", the germination can be accelerated. Commonly used methods for sprouting are: â‘ At the root of the north wall of the greenhouse and on the aisle head in the plastic shed (the end far away from the shed door), build a pool with 2 to 3 layers of brick walls. The size depends on the number of seed potatoes, or you can use existing ones. Seedbed. If the ground is too dry, spray a small amount of water to make it slightly damp, then spread a layer of potato pieces, and then spread a layer of wet sand or wet sawdust that has been disinfected by sunlight or drugs, so that you can spread 3 to 5 layers of potatoes in succession. Block, and finally cover it with grass thatch or a sack for moisturizing. â‘¡When the number of seed potatoes is not large, they can be used to accelerate the germination in the house or greenhouse. The potato pieces can be packed in a basket or woven bag, or they can be spread on the ground in a thickness of 10-15 cm, and then the basket, woven bag or potato pile can be tightly covered with wet sacks or wet grass.
3. Management during potato germination 1. Humidity. The humidity should not be too high during the germination process. The sand or sawdust covering the seed potatoes should be mixed with water first, and then sprinkled on the seed potatoes. Do not cover with dry sand before splashing water, as this will cause a large amount of water to seep onto the seed potatoes and cause excessive humidity. The humidity of the sand or sawdust is suitable for holding it into a clump with no water coming out. During the germination period, as long as the sand is not very dry, generally do not water. If the humidity is high during germination, it is easy to cause the shoots to take root. These roots will shrink or die due to loss of water during the budding stage before sowing, which will affect the occurrence of new roots after sowing.
2. Temperature. The optimum temperature for potato germination is 15°C. There is basically no germination when the temperature is lower than 4℃, and the germination is fast when the temperature is higher than 25℃, but the young buds are weaker.
3. Check seed potatoes regularly. During the germination period, the germination situation should be checked every 5 to 7 days. If rotten potatoes are found, they should be picked out in time. At the same time, other potato pieces around are also picked out to air, and then sprout.
4. Seed potato sprouts greening. The suitable seedling bud length of potato is 1.5 to 2 cm. The buds are too long and easy to break during the seeding operation. When the bud length reaches 1.5 to 2 cm, place the sprout potato pieces in the room under scattered light to make the buds green. After the young shoots turn green, their own water content decreases and they become strong, and they are not easy to be broken during sowing, and the seedlings emerge quickly after sowing, and the seedlings are strong.
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