Editor's note: Currently, it is the critical period for the growth of autumn crops such as rice, corn and potatoes. According to the monitoring report network of major crop pests and diseases in the country, rice pests such as “two migrations†pests, corn borers and other pests are on the increase. In this issue, we will introduce a set of measures for scientific prevention and control of diseases and pests and green prevention and control for the reference of farmers.
Rice
Prevent "two migration" pests
Rice planthopper prevention
Harmfulness: Laodelphax striatellus. Under normal circumstances, the direct damage of Laodelphax striatellus to rice is not large, but the spread of leaf stripe virus disease is harmful to rice and difficult to control. The insects of the planthoppers, white-backed planthoppers, and nymphs sucked the lower sap of the rice sap, and at the same time discharged a large amount of sugar-containing toxic mucus, which made the base of the rice stalk black and the leaves yellow and dry. If it is at the early stage of rice filling and damages the ear of rice, it often results in "pollution." Whitebacked planthoppers and brown planthoppers are directly affected by sucking, which has a great influence on rice yield. White backed planthoppers and adults of the brown planthopper, nymphs consuming the lower sap of the rice sap, and at the same time discharging a large amount of sugar-containing toxic mucilage, make the base of the rice stalk black, the leaves yellow and dry, and the outbreak can quickly occur, resulting in the formation of rice Withered to death, serious reduction in production.
Pesticide control: pharmaceutical selection. The use of high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides was applied at the height of 2 to 3 instar nymphs. Can choose to use buprofezin, pymetrozine, chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam and other low-toxic, high-efficiency pesticides. Insect complex field plots should choose two kinds of opposite agent mixture (quick effect and sustained effect). In the selection of pharmaceuticals, scientific mixing and rotation should be used. Apply enough water (60-70 kg per acre), spray on the lower part of rice plants, and keep 3 to 5 centimeters of water in the field for about 5 days. For water-free plots, increase the amount of water when spraying. After the milk is cooked, 80% dichlorvos can also be used to fumigate and kill insects.
Rice leaf roller control
Harm: The rice leaffolder larvae can damage the leaves, and they can endure 4 to 5 lice in their lifetime. In the event of rainy weather or being disturbed, they will increase the number of turning leaves and aggravate the damage. The rice borer is a pest that can drill into the stem. Rice leaf roller is a typical migratory pest. In China, the worm migrates over the winter south of 30 degrees north latitude (4°C isotherm in January). In spring and summer, adults move from south to north with the monsoon. 11 generations can occur in a year, but different generations occur in different regions. For example, in Hebei and Shandong, there are 2~3 generations in the north, Xinyang in Henan, 4~5 generations in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River such as Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and northern Zhejiang; 5~6 generations in Hunan, Jiangxi, and southern Zhejiang; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi is 6~7 generations. For the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, 4 to 6 generations occurred, and 7 to 9 months were the main damage period.
Pesticide control: The selected pesticides, in addition to the commonly used insecticidal double, insecticidal, and fipronil, chlorpyrifos (a trade name: 48% Rui frog emulsifiable concentrate 40% new Nongpo), flufenoxuril (5% decoke g can Dispersants), methotrexate (5% shade soluble granules), furanoic acid hydrazide, profenofos, and Bacillus thuringiensis are all highly effective agents.
Recently, various compounding agents have also been produced, such as a combination of Bacillus thuringiensis and insecticidal or dimehypo, a combination of chlorpyrifos and triazophos, fipronil, and triazophos (Sanchi microemulsion, Ruijie Emulsifiable concentrates and Indaba WP. Due to the low resistance of young instar larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, it is advisable to carry out chemical control from the peak of incubation to the infancy of the second instar larvae and rice breakage period. Generally need to apply drugs every 5 to 7 days, continuous control 2 to 3 times. Practice has shown that it is advisable to use a mister or a sprayer with a fine spray hole to apply the spray so that the spray is evenly spread on the leaves of the rice. The spraying time should be as soon as possible. Another noteworthy issue is the need to rotate medications to delay pest resistance.
corn
Beware of Lepidoptera pests
Corn borer control
Harm: corn borers, also known as corn borers, are the main pests of corn, and their main larvae infest their larvae into the main stem or ear of corn, causing the corn stems to break off, resulting in inadequate nutrient supply to the corn and poor pollination. Reduce production and quality. The corn leaf-stage larvae feed on the leaf meat or forage the unfolded heart leaves, causing "flower mosaics". After heading, they drill the stem culm, causing the development of the ear to be blocked and reduce the production, and the pod boreholes are easily broken. At the heading stage, the ear and tender grains were grazing, resulting in defective grain quality and reduced quality. The yield was reduced by 10% to 30%. After hatching, the larvae first clustered on the horn of the corn leaf or on the young leaves. The damaged leaves showed rows of small holes when they grew up. When males pollinate corn, the larvae injure male flowers and ears and invade from the stems of the leaves, causing wind-breaking, early-blow-up, lack of grains, and loss of skin. In the leguminous plants, they often invade from the branches of the tender stems, causing the upper part to die, and the mouthwash often has a large amount of dung. The mature larvae phlegm at the near orifice of the tunnel.
Pesticide control: BT granules, the amount of mu 150 ml, and then with 1.5 to 2 kg of fine river sand, dry after filling the leaves. 10% chlorpyrifos granules: 350-500 grams per mu. Chlorpyrifos EC 0.5 kg liquid is mixed with 25 kg of fine sand and granules are used. 3% phoxim granules: 3.5 to 5 kilograms per acre, 1 to 1.5 grams per plant sprinkled into the heart leaves at the beginning of the corn horn. 40.7% chlorpyrifos (Loss Ben) EC: 800-1000 times spray.
Maize Mite Control
Harm: The corn armyworm gluttonizes corn leaves with larvae. When it occurs seriously, it eats leaves in the short term, resulting in reduced yields or even no harvest. Symptoms of damage are mainly larvae that eat the leaves. The 1 to 2 instar larvae feed on the leaves to cause holes, and the larvae above 3 instars show irregular nicks when they invade the leaves. When the gluttony eats, they can eat the leaves. In the great event, the leaves of the corn were eaten, leaving only the leaves and veins, resulting in serious reductions in production and even in nowhere. When a field of corn is eaten, the larvae often move into groups and move into another field. Therefore, they are also known as “Pestsâ€. Generally, the terrain is low, the height of corn plants is uneven, and the weedy fields are heavy.
Pesticide control: Insect larvae before 3rd instar with 20% cypermethrin EC 15~45 g watered 50 kg spray, or with 5% swab 1000 ~ 1500 times, or 40% omethoate 1500 ~ 2000 times the liquid, or 10% of the heroin 2000 ~ 2500 times spray control. Ecological control: In the period of young larvae, diflubenzuron 1~3 20010~6 prevention and control, do not kill natural enemies, and it is safe for crops, and the amount is less to not pollute the environment.
potato
Eliminate the "tuber killer"
Prevention and control
Harmfulness: Aphid is a larva of a scarab. There are many kinds of scarabs and they occur everywhere. Larvae damage potato roots and tubers in the ground. The roots of potatoes can be bitten and eaten, young tubers can be eaten for the most part, and old tubers can bite into holes. In serious cases, they can cause field deaths and devastating disasters.
Pesticide control: When applying manure, high temperature fermentation is required to fully decompose the fertilizer to kill larvae and eggs. Chemical seed dressing, mixed with seed coating agent.
Chemical treatment of soil. For example, use 50% phoxim EC to 200-250 g per 667 square meters, add water 10 times, spray on 25-30 kg fine soil and mix well into poisonous soil, apply it along the ridge, then shallowly simmer, or use the same amount of Poisonous soil was sprinkled on the seed furrows or the ground, and then ploughed, or 5% phoxim granules, or 5% diammonium granules, and the soil was treated with 2.5 to 3 kg per 667 square meters, and good results were obtained. Treat both goldworms and cockroaches.
Cutting rootworm control
Harmfulness: commonly known as the ground tiger, larvae damage crops. There are many kinds of ground tigers, mainly potato, yellow tiger and earth tiger. The ground tiger is an omnivorous pest, and the first generation larvae are responsible for the spring seedlings of the spring p crop, which seriously causes the lack of seedlings and ridges, and even destroys the seedlings. The 1 to 2 instar larvae injure the young leaves of the seedlings, and are transferred to the underground after the 3rd instar. Injury to roots and stems, 5 to 6 years of age is the heaviest, and the stems of the seedlings can be snapped off from the ground, resulting in the lack of seedlings and ridges, which affects the yield.
Pesticide control: Use poison bait to trap and kill, add 8% of trichlorfon WP 500 g water-soluble and fry rapeseed cake or glutinous rice 20 kg mix, or use gray ash dish and other fresh grass about 80 kg, cut The crushed and the medicine was mixed and used as a poison bait, and it was stalked and killed on the ground near the seedling root in the evening. Control with poisonous soil: Use 75% phoxim 1 pound, add a small amount of water, spray mix fine soil 250~350 pounds or pungent phosphorus 1 pound mix fine soil 20 pounds Shun ridge bottom applicator near the seedling root, forming 2 inches wide Medicinal tape, 40 tons of poisonous soil per acre can be.
Viruses and bacteria are everywhere. Preventing them in advance is the best way to reduce the risk of infection. Wearing a mask and washing hands frequently are crucial. The new type of coronavirus has the characteristics of contact transmission, and the fact that the virus exists on the doorknob of patients with pneumonia has also shown the necessity of paying attention to hand hygiene and wearing disposable protective gloves.
Whether it is going out to purchase daily necessities or buying through online platforms, it is inevitable to come into contact with "foreign" items, such as supermarket shopping carts, packaging bags, express packaging boxes, etc., and more things need to be touched after resuming work, such as It is inevitable to take public transportation, elevators, etc., these places may have been touched by patients or suspected patients. Wearing disposable protective gloves is an effective means to reduce the risk of infection when there is no condition to wash your hands at any time.
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