The improvement of rice seed treatment technology can improve the production level of rice. However, in recent years, many farmers have been underdeveloped due to insufficient understanding of seed treatment technology and immature treatment level. Therefore, we should pay attention to the treatment of seeds, improve seed treatment technology, and control seed-borne diseases.
The necessity of rice seed treatment
Rice seeds are highly susceptible to infection and carry many pathogens during their growth. Some pathogens belong to the first source of infection in the field, which can be prevented by disinfecting the seeds, thereby avoiding or reducing the damage of these pathogens to rice fields. However, there is a part of the disease occurred in the rice seedlings, when the rice is almost impossible to treat the infection after bacteria, so can only be treated before sowing the seeds of rice, can only be effectively controlled to prevent germs Invasion of rice seedlings. Therefore, seed treatment before rice planting is a very important step.
How to treat rice seeds
1 drying
Adequate drying of the seeds can effectively increase the seed activity and thus increase the seed survival rate. Sunburn is a simple and efficient way to handle seeds. It only needs to put the seeds in the sun for a few days. However, in the process of drying, it is necessary to spread the seeds thin and even, but also to constantly flip. Be careful when flipping, don't break the chaff, don't confuse different kinds of seeds. In addition, seed drying has many beneficial effects. First, it increases the permeability of the seed. This allows the seed to absorb more oxygen and light conditions, thereby increasing seed temperature, increasing seed enzyme activity, and converting starch to soluble sugar to increase seed survival. Secondly, it can reduce the concentration of germination inhibitors inside the seeds, thereby increasing seed survival rate and accelerating seed growth rate and quality. In addition, more importantly, seed drying can fully utilize the effect of light, and the seed can be sterilized, thereby eliminating the pathogen damage during seed storage, thereby reducing the infection rate of the seed.
2. Selection
Selection by the specific gravity method. That is, after Wong add fifteen to 20 kg or 10 kg water 50 kg salt was sufficiently stirred, Wong became water or saline, with the American hydrometer, measured for specific gravity of 1.08 to 1.1 will be suitable. It can also be used for screening, wind selection, water selection, indica rice or other seedlings with awns, with a specific gravity of 1.08. After selecting seeds with salt water and yellow mud water, rinse them to avoid germination. After selection, the purpose is to select excellent seeds that are full, full of no pests and no impurities.
3. Soaking seeds and disinfecting
Soaking seeds can better prevent and control the damage of seeds by various pathogens, reduce the incidence of various diseased strains, and thus increase the survival rate of seeds. The methods of soaking seeds generally include two types of soaking seeds and soaking seeds in still water. They mainly make the seeds contain enough water to promote the physiological activities inside the seeds. The water can be used to expand and soften the seed, thereby enhancing the respiration of the seed, increasing the activity of the embryonic enzyme, and converting the starch into soluble sugar to increase the seed survival rate. Therefore, at the time of seed treatment, seeds that do not sufficiently absorb water are subjected to seed soaking treatment to make up the required water, thereby promoting the survival rate of the seeds. In addition, when seeds are soaked, it is also necessary to strictly control the ratio of soaking agent amount, water amount and rice seed amount. The concentration of the liquid solution cannot be changed arbitrarily, the survival rate of rice seeds should be avoided, and sufficient time should be soaked. , to ensure the effectiveness; also pay attention to the first to mix the liquid, and then into the rice, remember not to soak the seeds and then add the drug, but also to ensure that the liquid should flood the rice in the whole process; finally, note that during soaking, It is best to choose indoors. If you are outdoors, you should do a good job of shading the seeds to avoid excessive water temperature and affect the seed survival rate. In addition, the seeds do not need to be washed after immersion.
The length of soaking time should be determined according to the weather conditions and the thickness of the skin of the grain. In the case of high temperatures and thin skins, the time for soaking seeds is relatively short. On the contrary, the soaking time is longer. Soaking time should be appropriate, if the soaking time is too short, not enough seed will absorb enough moisture, slow germination, sprouting missing; but if the soaking time is too long, the nutrients will leach seed, but will reduce the survival rate of seeds and The robustness of the seedlings. Soaking time is generally 1 to 2 days.
Germination
The seed germination condition is that it must be supplied with sufficient moisture and a suitable temperature. Before the seeds are germinated, they must be properly selected, disinfected, etc., and fully soaked, so that the seeds can absorb enough water, so that the subsequent germination work can be carried out. The germination of seeds generally has three stages: high temperature and chest breaking, moderate temperature germination, and normal temperature germination. Therefore, in order for the seeds to germinate better, it is necessary to do the seed germination work. There are many ways to germination of seeds. These methods have the same goal of allowing seeds to germinate quickly and allowing the shoots to grow fast, sturdy and strong.
In summary, we know that seed treatment before seed sowing is very necessary. Moreover, in order to obtain high-quality rice, it is also necessary to enhance the knowledge of seed treatment work and master the skilled rice processing work. In addition, we should also attach great importance to the rice seed treatment technology, strive to cultivate more sturdy, promote the quality and quantity development of rice, and strive to serve the people of the country.
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