Chongqing is an alpine region with an altitude of 800-1500 m. It has special three-dimensional climatic conditions and is suitable for tomato cultivation. The alpine tomato rain-proof cultivation was launched from August to October, and the use of rain-proof facilities can extend the harvest period and lengthen the product supply period. The following small series should talk to you about the standardized rain-proof cultivation techniques for alpine tomatoes in Chongqing.
First, the variety selection
Alpine tomato cultivation is mainly based on planting red fruits. Choose varieties that are resistant to disease, high yield, storage and transportation, fruit shape, small fruit umbilical, and good taste. The main varieties are Heineken, Jinhongjiu and Hongmanyuan.
Second, facility selection and coverage time
The alpine tomato rain-proof cultivation facilities are mainly steel frame greenhouses, mainly sheltering from rain, supplemented by heat preservation. In order to make full use of favorable climatic conditions, depending on the weather, membrane coverage can be selected at different times. In the years with more rain, it is best to cover the whole growth period; the year of the weather is smooth, covered in the flowering period or when the fruit is set; in the case of drought, the film is shaped and the film is filmed when the color begins to change. In the growing season, in the case of continuous sunny or cloudy weather, the film can be temporarily uncovered, so that the plant is full of light, which is conducive to nutrient accumulation and flower bud differentiation, while reducing the effects of high temperature.
Third, cultivation techniques
(1) Seeding and seedling cultivation
Suitable seeding
Sowing time is generally from early April to early May, sowing late, the harvest period is short, affecting yield and benefits.
2. Cultivate seedlings
Alpine tomato seedlings are mainly based on substrate plug seedlings.
(1) Selection of nursery site: The nursery shed is required to be built on a plot with open terrain, leeward sun, dry, no water, close to water source and easy to operate.
(2) Nursery bed preparation: The seedbed should be leveled in advance, clear weeds, and conditionally cover the ground cloth for easy operation.
(3) Ways of seedling raising: seedling tray seedlings, 50-well seedling trays are suitable.
(4) Preparation of seedling substrate: two kinds of self-made substrate and special substrate for solanaceous fruit can be used.
Before sowing, add carbendazim or chlorothalonil powder to the prepared base in a ratio of 1:500, stir evenly, and wet with water. Hold the dough in a hand, loosen and disperse, and serve.
(5) Seed treatment: Seed disinfection and germination can be carried out under the conditions. The main use of matrix disinfection treatment in production (pre-sow and post-sow treatment).
(6) Seeding: Put the seeds into the hole of the hole, 1~2 capsules per hole, cover the surface with stone millet, drench once, then spray once with 800 times chlorothalonil or carbendazim to cover the film, keep warm and moisturize. .
(7) Management of seedling stage: observe the emergence of the seedlings at any time. When about 70% of the arching soil begins to arch the film, wait until 1~2d, then remove the film; to prevent the seedlings from growing, try to reduce the number of watering, and do When you see dry, it is good for cultivating strong seedlings; when the surface of the substrate is dry and loose, it should be watered in time; in the later stage of seedlings, water should be controlled in time to promote root growth.
(2) Site preparation and fertilization
10 to 15 days before planting, 3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 100 kg of compound fertilizer were applied per 667 m2. After ploughing and mixing into the soil, the deep trench was raised to the ground and the car was opened at 1.3 m. After the rain is allowed to cover, the film is covered in time, and the double-row hole dropping tape is laid under the film. The water spray hole of the drip tape is facing upward, and one end of the water inlet is connected with the main pipe, and the valve is controlled by the valve, and the tail is blocked by the folding sleeve.
(3) Colonization
When the seedlings grow to 6 to 8 leaves, they are planted, and the seedlings are firstly planted for 5 to 10 days before planting.
1 to 2 days before planting, spray the seedlings with 65% sensitized zinc 500 times solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution, plus 48% risper (chlorpyrifos) emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, and then colonize the soil. The planting time is usually from mid-May to late June.
The planting density is planted in a single-box double-row plant with a plant spacing of 60 cm and about 2,000 plants per 667 m2. After planting, the root water should be poured and the edge of the planting hole should be sealed with soil.
(4) Fertilizer and water management
The management of water in water management and rain protection cultivation is the most important. In the full-coverage and rain-proof environment in the late growth stage, the total water demand of the plants comes from artificial irrigation, and the irrigation time and irrigation amount should be controlled according to the growth of the plants.
Irrigation at the right time and in the right amount of drought will affect the normal growth of the plants.
2. Fertilization
(1) Lifting seedling fertilizer: insufficient base fertilizer, poor growth, 500kg of diluted manure water or 10kg of compound fertilizer per 667m2.
(2) Promoting fruit fertilizer: The first ear fruit is swollen and can be used when the diameter is about 2cm, accounting for 30% to 40% of the total topdressing amount, generally 1000kg per 667m2 or 20~25kg of compound fertilizer.
(3) Topdressing in the fruiting period: After the initial harvest, the fertilizer is generally applied 2 to 3 times per 667 m2, and the compound fertilizer is applied in 10 to 20 kg, together with P, K fertilizer or other micro-fertilizer Ca and B fertilizer.
(5) Field management
1 to 3 days after planting, water should be timely watered according to the weather conditions and soil dry and wet conditions to promote live plants, and then water or drainage should be carried out according to the situation to keep the soil moist and ventilated (about 70% water content).
When the plant grows to a height of 30cm, it should be framed to prevent lodging, and the vines should be tied in time for growth. Leave 3 to 4 fruits per flower head and remove the tail flower buds. After fruit setting, keep the fruits with normal fruit shape and uniform growth according to the number of fruits retained, and the rest will be removed. Topping of the main stem 7 spikes can inhibit the plant from continuing to grow upward and promote fruit ripening. When topping the heart, 2 to 3 leaves should be left at the top of the inflorescence. In the later stage, the senescent leaves of the plant base should be removed to improve the plant growth environment and reduce the disease.
Fourth, harvest
When the color of the tomato turns red, it can be harvested. When harvesting, use special scissors to cut it near the fruit. The pedicle is as close as possible to the tomato but keep the flower buds intact to improve the commerciality. If the fruit is too long, it will easily break the peel and make the tomato lose its commerciality. The post-harvest tomatoes are transported to the cool place in the house with plastic baskets. They are packed in a timely manner and can be packed in plastic boxes and used in paper to cushion the boxes to prevent fruit damage and timely sale.
Fifth, the main pest control
(1) Prevention of major diseases
Under the conditions of rain-proof cultivation, the disease occurred lightly, mainly based on prevention. For the planting area with serious soil-borne diseases, the lime-nitrogen sun disinfection is adopted. The specific method is: apply 100kg of lime nitrogen per 667m2, deep turn, evenly rotate the water, cover the film, seal the temperature, and keep the high temperature for 15d. Common diseases of tomatoes include viral diseases, bacterial wilt, late blight, and gray mold.
Viral disease
Symptoms mainly include three types: mosaic type, leaf type, and strip type. In the early stage of seedling stage and post-planting growth, avoid cockroaches and cockroaches. Use 10% imidacloprid powder 1500 times solution, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray continuously for 3~4 times. Before or after planting, virus A or phytopath can be sprayed.
2. Bacterial wilt
It usually begins in the flowering stage. After colonization, 72% of agricultural streptomycin-soluble powder 4000 times liquid or anti-bacterial agent "401" 500 times liquid is prevented. After the onset, the affected area is perfused with 2% formalin solution or 20% lime water to prevent spread; It is best to take disease-resistant grafting seedlings in areas with bacterial wilt.
3. Late blight
Once the diseased plant is found, immediately remove it and spray it in the whole field. Use 1:200 Bordeaux mixture, 69% decanoylmorpholine wettable powder 600-800 times solution, 72% Plex water agent 600-800 times, 64 % anti-virus WP WP, 800% ke WP 800 times, 25% metalaxyl Mn-Zn WP 800 times, etc., to control the spread of disease.
4. Gray mold
Tomato seedlings and adult plants can occur. In the early stage of the disease, 50% speed Keling WP can be used 1000 times, or 50% Nongliling WP can be 1000 times, or 40% Shijiale suspension agent 800 times, once every 7 to 10 days, for 3 to 4 times.
(2) Major pest control
Tobacco
Bemisia tabaci breeding is fast, and it is difficult to control the eggs during the egg period. Therefore, the source of insects should be minimized and the surrounding area of ​​the planting site should be kept clean.
In the later stage, 70% imidacloprid 7500 times solution, 18% avermectin 2000 times solution, 3% mites è„’ 1000-1500 times solution, and 25% chlorpyrifos 2000 times solution can be used for prevention and control, mainly by spraying leaves. The back is mainly, 7d once, continuous prevention 2 to 3 times.
2. Locust
You can use the yellow board to lure.
The chemical control can be controlled by 10% imidacloprid powder 1500 times solution, 50% mites 2500 times, anti-converse 600 times, Kangfuduo and other insecticides.
The above is all the content of today, I hope to help the farmers who need it, welcome everyone to continue to pay attention to Hui Nong!
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