Drug identification
Character identification
Characters are long tubular, not branched, 40-60cm long and 0.2-0.7cm in diameter. The surface is grayish green or yellow-green, with 18 to 30 longitudinal ribs. Most of the small, bright, verrucose projections are on the ribs. The section is obvious. The internode length is 2.5 to 9cm. There are raw cylindrical scaly leaves on the nodes, the base of the sheath and the sheath teeth. Dark brown, light brown in the middle. Lightweight, crisp, easy to break, hollow section, surrounded by a large number of small round cavity. Micro-gas, sweet, slightly astringent, chewing sand grains.
Microscopic identification
Powder gray green. Observed under the microscope: There are many fragments of stem epidermis, nearly colorless or pale yellow. The surface epidermal cells are rectangular or elongated, and the vertical wall is very thick and deep-waved. The cells contain yellow-brown pigment particles and the surface often has fissures. The longitudinal section is flat, rectangular, and the wall thickness is obvious. The outer wall of the cell protrudes outwards with a silicon nodule. The pores are deep-set, longitudinally arranged, round or oblong, 75-85 μm in diameter, and 75-108 μm in length. The inner wall of the guard cell has thickened strips that are mostly laterally parallel. Leaf sheath epidermal fragments yellow-brown or brown, cells are rectangular or rhomboid, cystic cells slightly thicker peripheral wall, deep wavy bend, trough cell wall is flat; pores are round, smaller. Most of the fiber bundles, often connected with the epidermis, the end wall oblique or truncated, the hole groove is clear, pits are small and sparse, herringbone or oblique seam-like. Labyrinth slender, large pit, oval. The endothelial cells are rectangular in shape and slightly thicker in wall, slightly wavy and shiny.
Physical and chemical identification
1. Take this product powder 4g (20 mesh), add methanol 10ml, warm immersed for 10 minutes, filtered. Take filtrate 1ml, add 2% ferric chloride reagent 1 drop, the solution was blue to blue-black. (Check tannins)
2. Take this product coarse powder 2g (20 mesh), add methanol 10ml, warm immersed for 1 hour, filtered. Take the filtrate 1ml, add 10% α-naphthol ethanol solution 1 to 2 drops, shake, add concentrated sulfuric acid 0.5ml along the wall. The contact surface is purple. (Check sugar and 甙)
3. Take this product powder 2g (20 mesh), add methanol 20ml, warm immersed for 1 hour, filtered; take the filtrate 1ml, add a small amount of magnesium powder and concentrated hydrochloric acid 3 drops, significantly purple. (Check flavonoids)
4. TLC sample preparation: take this product powder 10g, set the Sabourah extractor, add methanol 70ml, reflux extraction for 4 hours, recover at least the amount of methanol for spotting. Adsorbent: Silicone G (Qingdao), activated at 105°C for 1 hour. Developing agent: n-butanol-acetic acid-water (4:1:5), with the upper layer. The exhibition distance is 15.5cm. Developer: 2% aluminum trichloride ethanol spray, observed under a UV lamp (254 nm).
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