Nature: Killing super bacteria, we are one step closer to the final weapon
April 03, 2018 Source: WuXi PharmaTech
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];Recently, a team of scientists from Brown University announced a new class of antibiotics through computer simulations and laboratory experiments that are expected to fight against "superbugs" that are resistant to traditional antibiotics. The study was published in the authoritative journal Nature.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has predicted that by 2050, super bacteria will surpass cancer as the world's number one killer. It affects not only inpatients, patients, and the elderly, but also everyone. It takes only 2 years for bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics, but developing new antibiotics and applying them to practice takes 10-15 years or more. Drug-resistant staphylococci can cause fatal blows, they are almost ubiquitous, from the surrounding environment to our skin, and are fatal and can cause serious blood, bone and organ infections. Therefore, the development of new antibiotics that can fight against super bacteria is imminent.
â–² Dr. Eleftherios Mylonakis (Source: Brown University official website)
The study was conducted by Professor of Infectious Diseases at Warren Alpert Medical School and the head of the Department of Infectious Diseases at Rhia Island Hospital and Miriam Hospital. Led by Dr. Mylonakis, the team used innovative methods to screen compounds from 82,000 synthetic compounds that are effective antibiotics but not toxic to humans. In the end, they discovered 85 compounds that reduced the ability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to kill laboratory mites, a staphylococcus that is resistant to multiple antibiotics. Among them, two synthetic retinoids were selected as candidate compounds for further study. Retinoic acid is chemically related to vitamin A and can be used to treat a variety of health problems, including acne and cancer.
These retinoic acids pose a threat to superbugs because they damage bacterial cell membranes and kill resistant dormant cells that are insensitive to existing antibiotic therapies. These cells are called MRSA persister cells. The ability of retinoic acid to make cell membranes more permeable is also responsible for their synergistic effect with the existing antibiotic gentamicin.
However, human cells also have membranes. How can we ensure that this molecule does not harm the human body when it weakens the bacterial cell membrane? Chemists from the research team, Emory University, have found a way to modulate molecules so that they can selectively target bacteria, while maintaining the maximum anti-MRSA efficacy of retinoic acid. Minimize toxicity to the human body.
â–²Chinese professor Dr. Huajian Gao (Source: Brown University official website)
It is worth mentioning that the scientist responsible for computer modeling of the research is Dr. Huajian Gao, a Chinese professor from the Brown Engineering Institute. A powerful computer simulation demonstrates the molecular interaction between the screening compound and the bacterial membrane and determines its energy barrier to penetration and immersion into the membrane. Dr. Gao said: "This is a very exciting multidisciplinary project."
“We are very optimistic about the results,†Dr. Mylonakis said. “But there are still years away from clinical trials.â€
We expect that with the further development and optimization of this type of retinoic acid, a new class of antibiotics against Gram-positive bacterial infections that are currently difficult to treat will soon be born.
Reference materials:
[1] Researchers identify new class of antibiotics with potential to fight 'superbugs'
[2] A new class of synthetic retinoid antibiotics effective against bacterial persisters
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