Release date: 2013-06-05
Recently, Tan Weijun, director of the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing and Metrology at Hunan University, led a research group to develop a DNA “nano-train†that can deliver a large number of anti-cancer drugs to tumor cells. It can not only improve the targeting of anticancer drugs, reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, but also greatly increase the drug carrying capacity. Related results were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
It is understood that the "car body" of this "nano-train" is self-assembled by a number of short DNA strands, which is about 3 to 5 nanometers wide, and the length can be increased or decreased as needed. Its overall structure is very simple, and the three-dimensional structure resembles a train. Its "locomotive" consists of a nucleic acid aptamer that binds to the membrane protein of a particular cancer cell, providing "direction" and "dynamics" to the drug delivery system; the DNA structure formed by molecular self-assembly constitutes a section A high-capacity "carriage" for loading anticancer drug molecules or other biological agents, such as fluorescent imaging reagents, for real-time monitoring of the entire process.
The "nano train" can greatly increase the carrying capacity of anticancer drugs. Because the traditional drug delivery system is "a radish and a pit", often only one drug molecule can be carried at a time, which is not enough to kill cancer cells. With a "train" design, you can carry about 300 to 1000 drug molecules at a time. This helps to shorten the patient's treatment cycle and reduce the cost of treatment.
At the same time, since the nucleic acid aptamer can be highly specifically bound to the target substance or cell, the "locomotive" composed of it can accurately deliver the drug to the cancerous region, thereby avoiding "injury" to normal cells, and the accuracy is greatly high. Used in traditional chemical anticancer drugs. In addition, since the entire train "train" is composed of biomolecules, there is no problem that the conventional inorganic or polymer materials are difficult to degrade in the living body, thereby reducing the potential toxic side effects on the human body.
Tan Weijun revealed that the team has screened different nucleic acid aptamers for specific biomarkers of cancer cells such as leukemia, lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and liver cancer. This means that with the "nano-train" results, it is expected to develop a "multi-warhead" drug targeting different types of cancer in the future.
Source: Chinese Journal of Science
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