Black potatoes have high yield, adaptability and are widely used. The black potato has a long oval shape and a small bud eye. The peel is dark purple, black and shiny, and shiny. The flesh is dark purple, the appearance is good, and the color is tempting. The starch content of pulp is as high as 13-15%, and the taste is good and the quality is excellent. At present, the cultivation area of ​​black potatoes in China is still small, the market price is 6-8 yuan per kilogram, which is equivalent to 6-8 times of ordinary potato, the average yield of 667 square meters is about 2500 kilograms, the economic benefit is more than 10,000 yuan, and the economic benefits are considerable. New varieties and supporting cultivation techniques have attracted the attention of farmers.
Black potato has a total growth period of about 93 days. It is a medium-early maturity variety, drought-tolerant, cold-resistant, and widely adaptable. Resistance to early blight, late blight, ring rot, black shank and viral diseases. Its seedlings are erect, deep purple. The plants are luxuriant and have strong growth potential. The plant height is about 60.00 cm, the main stem is developed, the stem is 1.37 cm thick, the stem is dark purple, the cross section is triangular, the branches are less, the petioles are purple, the corolla is purple, the petals are dark purple, the potato pieces are long oval, and the skin is smooth. It is dark purple, the potato is dark purple and the quality is good. The concentration of sweet potato is 6-8 in a single plant, and the mass of a single piece is 120-300 grams.
Black potato high-yield planting technology
- The selection of land, loose and well-permeable soil layering, therefore, the selection of high ground, flat terrain, convenient drainage, soil loose, deep, fertile sandy loam is the soil foundation to ensure high yield.
- In the mouth of the mouth, black potatoes bogey and rotate with tobacco, eggplant, pepper, sweet potato and other solanaceous crops, wheat, corn, Chinese cabbage, radish and green onions are better.
- Land preparation, in order to achieve high yield and variety of black potatoes, the planting area should be deep ploughed before winter, generally 25-30 cm deep. In the early spring, fine soil preparation is carried out to achieve fine soil and no large clods, which enhances the water retention capacity of the soil.
- Applying the base fertilizer, black potatoes are high-yield fertilizer crops. For every 100 kilograms of fresh potatoes, nitrogen is required to be O.50 kg, phosphorus is 0.20 kg, potassium is 0.95 kg, and the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is generally 2:1. :4. It should be based on cattle, sheep, pigs, chicken manure and green manure, compost, supplemented with appropriate fertilizer. According to the soil nutrient test results and fertilizer requirements, the fertilization plan is determined. Combined with the soil preparation, the decomposed organic fertilizer is applied for 3 to 5 ms, the superphosphate is 80-100 kg, the potassium sulfate fertilizer is 15-20 kg, and the urea is 15 kg per 667 mz.
How to deal with seed potatoes in black potato planting
- Select seed potatoes, 20-30 days before planting (before and after mid-January in the region). Select seed potatoes, choose no disease, no wounds, smooth skin, fresh skin color, many bud eyes, uniform size and conformity Characteristic seed potato, remove the deformity, crack, bud eye necrosis, potato stalk I2l with disease spots. About 120 kg of seed potatoes are needed for every 667 square meters. It is good to cut the teeth in one or two seeds, which will be very productive.
- Seed potato dicing and germination, germination before sowing, can promote early emergence, increase field growth period, increase yield. Yangshuo, mantle, and greenhouse can be used as germination sites. The seed potatoes obtained after screening are placed in a dark environment at 20 ° C for warm seed germination. When the buds are exposed for about 0.5em, the dicing is performed in the order of the buds. Starting from the tail of the potato stalk, the spurs are spirally cut. The top is divided into two. Ensure that each cut piece has l~2 top buds, the dicing should be uniform, generally the weight of each seed potato is about 25 grams, and the dicing tool should be made with 75% alcohol. Strict disinfection.
- For the treatment of the medicament, the cut potato pieces are placed in 0.01% boric acid or 500 times 50% carbendazim solution, soaked for 5 to 10 minutes and then drained and drained. Move the dried potato pieces to the warm sunny place for 3 to 5 days. Maintain a temperature of about 15 ° C. Let the young shoots grow green.
Black potato planting tips
- During the colonization period, black potato sprouts began to germinate when the temperature exceeded 5 °C. The growth is robust and rapid at 18 °C. Under normal circumstances, the local temperature can be sown through 5 °C. The suitable land cultivation mode in Tianjin is generally in the middle and late March and early April. It is too early. The seedlings are vulnerable to freezing damage, and they can not be listed first in the late, which affects planting benefits.
- Sorghum mulching, double-row cultivation using sorghum mulching and double-row cultivation can increase the ground temperature by 3-5 °C, and the early planting period is about 15 days. At the same time, the healthy growth of black potatoes creates a healthy and loose environment, and is also beneficial for artificial or mechanical harvesting. . According to the line spacing 100em, the height is 20cm, the width is 70cm, and the turtle is slightly higher in the middle. After the flattening, spray 100-50kg of acetochlor per 667 square meters to 40-50kg of water to prevent weeds. : Covering with a mulch with a width of 90 cm and a thickness of 0.008 mm, the film should be tight. Press a soil belt every 2-3 m to prevent the wind from uncovering the film. The mulched roast can be planted after 3-5 days.
- Reasonable close planting, black potatoes should be thinly planted, double-row cultivation, line spacing 40 cm, plant spacing 33 cm, about 4,000 plants per 667 square meters. When planting, depending on plant spacing, use 8-10 cm deep for planting Hole. Then place the seed germination on the top and seal the membrane hole with fine soil.
How to carry out field management of black potato high-yield planting
Black potatoes have only about 65 days of growth time after seedlings. Therefore, field management should emphasize an "early" word. Production should master the principle of promoting and controlling. Technical management should be timely, early tillage, early topdressing, early watering. Promote roots, promote trees and promote early development. After flowering, according to the weather, soil moisture, plant growth, as appropriate, topdressing, small water and water, to promote the potato, to control the growth of the potato, to achieve coordinated growth. It is necessary to prevent premature senescence in the late stage, but also to control the late stem and leaf length.
- Check the seedlings and make up the seedlings, keep the soil moisture and stabilize the ground temperature after cultivating the grass. After the seedlings are unearthed, check the seedlings and make up the seedlings in time, and carry out 3-4 inter-membrane shallow cultivating from sowing to sealing the ridges to keep the soil loose and improve. Ground temperature, while eliminating ridge weeds, cultivating strong seedlings in the field.
- Topdressing, on the premise of applying the base fertilizer, after the seedlings in the field, in order to promote the early emergence of the seedlings, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed 2-3 times on the foliar surface, depending on the growth of the seedlings, in the group period to Before planting the ridge, combine 15-20 kg of urea per 667 square meters of irrigation.
- The flower buds are removed, and the potato stalks begin to expand at the bud stage, and the flowering period enters a rapid expansion period. At this time, the flower buds should be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the development of potato stalks.
- Scientifically prevent plants from growing and lodging, and increasing the rate of large and medium-sized potatoes. When the black potato in the field is 15-20 cm high, 15 g of paclobutrazol with 5% is sprayed with 30 kg of water, and the effect is very good.
- Moisture management, before the buds, mainly rely on soil moisture to provide water for the plants. Master the drought without pouring; in the bud stage, the black potatoes enter the tuber expansion period. Water should be poured in time to keep the soil moist, usually once every 15 days. Water. When filling the water, be careful not to let the water flow over the ridge to cause soil compaction. In order to improve the yield and improve the quality, the black potato should be properly controlled in the late growth stage, and the water should be stopped 10 days before the harvest to prevent the tuber from falling due to excessive soil moisture. Resistant to storage.
Black potato planting harvesting period
Most of the stems and leaves of potato plants turn from green to yellow and gradually wither. The stem shrinkage and stem detachment are the signs of maturity. In this case, timely harvest should be avoided to avoid underground pest damage. When harvesting, try to avoid the rainy weather. When choosing sunny days and low soil moisture, try to avoid mechanical damage. Improve commodity quality and adopt field grading packaging to effectively improve economic benefits.
How to prevent pests and diseases in black potato cultivation
Black potatoes are prone to late blight and viral diseases during their growth period. For the prevention and treatment of late blight, 3-4 times of foliar spray can be carried out with DuPont gram, agricultural streptomycin or mancozeb: after the flowering period, spray with 50% carbendazim or 40% ethylphosphorus aluminum 500 times. Spray once every 7 to 10 days. Spray even 2-3 times. The virus disease can be sprayed with 20% virus A500 times solution or 1.5% phytopathogenic 800 times solution. The main pests are cockroaches, crickets, tigers, locusts and ladybugs. They implement pollution-free techniques. Use frequency-vibration insecticides to trap adults, using 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times or 25% trichlorfon emulsifiable concentrate 500 times. Spray or kill, control underground tiger pests such as tigers and cockroaches; control aphids and 28-star ladybugs with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate l000 times solution or 10% imidacloprid 2500 times solution.
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